The Once and Future King

by T. H. White

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Topics for Discussion

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1. Arthur's initial significant insight is that people of his era adhere to the belief that "might is right." Is this notion limited to the Dark Ages, or do many individuals still hold this view today? Can you provide any examples?

2. At one juncture, Arthur thinks that might can be wielded in the name of justice. Sir Kay argues that this is no different from the idea that "might is right." Do you concur with Sir Kay? Or are there circumstances where employing might to uphold one's beliefs is justified?

3. Merlyn asserts that initiating a war is wrong, but fighting back is acceptable if the other side begins the conflict. He also claims that it's almost always possible to discern which side initiates a war. Do you agree that engaging in battle is only justified if someone else starts it? Do you believe it's always straightforward to determine who instigated a war?

4. White implies that part of Arthur's tragedy is that he must bear the consequences of his father's sins. Does this seem fair to you?

5. White also suggests that Arthur must face the repercussions of his own sins, including the sin of incest. Was it sinful for Arthur to sleep with Morgause, even if he was unaware she was his sister? Is ignorance ever a valid excuse? When is it an individual's responsibility to be informed?

6. Regardless of whether Arthur knew he was committing incest, he was guilty of adultery by sleeping with another man's wife. Is it hypocritical for him to punish Guenever and Lancelot for adultery?

7. Is Arthur right or wrong to overlook the affair between Lancelot and Guenever for so long? Does this demonstrate his moral strength or his moral weakness?

8. Lancelot kills two of Gawaine's brothers while they are defenseless. In pursuing Lancelot, is Gawaine seeking justice or revenge? What distinguishes justice from revenge, if anything?

9. At the conclusion of the story, Arthur places his hope in a young page named Tom, who will share his story with the world. Arthur states, "If people could be persuaded to read and write, not just to eat and make love, there was still a chance that they might come to reason." Do you agree? Can reading and writing lead the world towards reason?

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