Discussion Topic

Mr. Bumble's Character and Misery in Oliver Twist

Summary:

In Oliver Twist, Mr. Bumble is a parochial beadle characterized by his cruelty, pomposity, and cowardice. Initially, he takes pride in his authority at the workhouse, but his marriage to the domineering Mrs. Corney makes him miserable. She humiliates him publicly, turning him into a laughingstock. Ultimately, their cruel actions lead to their downfall, as they are dismissed from the workhouse and forced to live there as impoverished inmates, illustrating the theme of reaping what one sows.

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What made Mr. Bumble miserable in Oliver Twist?

What makes Mr. Bumble miserable is his marriage. This parochial beadle might like to lord it over the half-starved waifs in his "care" at the workhouse, but at home, it's his wife who's firmly in control. An aggressive, domineering woman, Mrs. Corney makes her husband's life a misery with her constant nagging and criticism. She's also not above a little physical violence.

In one particularly humiliating episode, Mrs. Corney throws a bowl of soap suds at Mr. Bumble's head, and right in front of the workhouse kids, too. Bumble slinks away like a wounded animal to the sound of ill-suppressed giggling from the raggedy orphans. No wonder he's miserable. Where once he was feared, now he's become nothing more than a gigantic laughing stock, a rare source of amusement for the workhouse children.

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What happens to Mr. Bumble in Oliver Twist?

We first meet Mr. Bumble in the workhouse where Oliver is born. His role is beadle of...

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the workhouse but his attitude towards the orphans is one of cruelty and neglect. In Chapter 3, for instance, Bumble calls Oliver a "naughty orphan which nobody can't love."

We see very little of Mr. Bumble once Oliver has run away from Mr. Sowerberry's and gone to London. He returns briefly in Chapter 17 when parish business takes him on a visit to London. There, he sees an advertisement placed by Mr. Brownlow which asks for information on Oliver Twist, in return for five guineas. Motivated by the money, Bumble heads to see Mr. Brownlow and tells him how Oliver was born of "low and vicious parents" and is incapable of displaying anything other than "treachery, ingratitude and malice." Of course, Bumble knows exactly where Oliver is but does not reveal his whereabouts to Mr. Brownlow.

It is not until Chapter 37 that we see Mr. Bumble again. The narrator tells us that he has married Mrs. Corney and become the master of the workhouse. Life, then, seems to be going well for Mr. Bumble. But, in fact, he is miserable in his marriage to Mrs. Corney because she is so domineering and, even worse, he misses his role as beadle: "“Strip the bishop of his apron, or the beadle of his hat and lace; what are they." 

In one key incident, Mrs. Bumble throws a bowl of suds at her husband in front of the workhouse inhabitants. Bumble's reaction gives us a glimpse of how he feels about his life:

"He looked dejectedly round, and slunk away; and, as he reached the door, the titterings of the paupers broke into a shrill chuckle of irrepressible delight. It wanted but this. He was degraded in their eyes; he had lost caste and station before the very paupers; he had fallen from all the height and pomp of beadleship, to the lowest depth of the most snubbed hen-peckery."

Finally, in Chapter 53, we learn the long-term fate of Mr. Bumble. He and his wife are fired from the workhouse and end up in such a poor state of poverty that they are forced to live there as inmates. By giving this fate to Mr. Bumble Dickens makes an important point about the nature of being cruel and heartless towards others. In short, the message is that you reap what you sow. 

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What type of character is Mr. Bumble in Oliver Twist?

Mr. Bumble, the parochial beadle, is introduced and described in chapter 2 of Oliver Twist. He is a fat, hot-tempered man with a very strong sense of his own dignity and importance. He is quick to notice any failure to acknowledge his status and bullies anyone lower down the pecking order. Like many bullies, Mr. Bumble is also a coward and is very obsequious in his manner to the master of the workhouse and any other dignitaries with whom he comes into contact. Ironically, when he becomes master himself, he is unable to enjoy his power and prestige, because he is afraid of his wife.

Alongside his pomposity and cowardice, Mr. Bumble is mean-spirited and spiteful. He takes pleasure in the oppressive nature of the workhouse regime and the terror he inspires in the boys. He is not only grasping and stingy, but enjoys depriving others of comfort, even if doing so does not benefit him. He rebukes Mrs. Mann for giving the children "daffy," made with gin, not because it is bad for them to drink alcohol but because it is a luxury. He also tells Mrs. Sowerberry that she has been feeding Oliver too plentifully, which is certainly not a fault of which he could be accused at the workhouse.

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