Oliver Cromwell Criticism
Oliver Cromwell, a Puritan leader and Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, is a pivotal figure in English history. Despite his brief rule that ended with the Restoration of the monarchy, Cromwell's governance profoundly influenced the legal and cultural foundations of modern England. His speeches, letters, and remembered conversations provide insight into his ideas and leadership style. Cromwell's rise began in the 1640s when he became a notable parliamentary figure, voicing strong criticism against Anglican bishops and King Charles I. His military acumen was evident in the formation of the "New Model Army," which played a crucial role in defeating royalist forces during the English Civil War.
Cromwell's ascent to power was marked by his refusal to accept the crown, choosing the title of Lord Protector instead. His foreign policy was shaped by his Protestant zeal, leading to alliances with Protestant nations and opposition to Catholic Spain. As noted by Cromwell's Religion, Cromwell's belief in divine Providence drove his political and military actions, including the execution of King Charles I, a point also examined by Oliver Cromwell and English Political Thought. His leadership style was further analyzed by Introduction to Speeches of Oliver Cromwell, noting his extemporaneous speaking and sometimes purposeful ambiguity.
Critics, such as Oliver Cromwell, have examined his complex relationship with different social classes, using Marxist theory to interpret his governance. Cromwell's legacy also includes his religious tolerance, allowing the return of Jews to England and overlooking private worship by various denominations. His speeches collected by Thomas Carlyle in the 19th century highlight both the formal and informal aspects of his communication, portraying a man driven by religious conviction and practical governance. As Oliver Cromwell and English History observes, Cromwell's influence continues to impact English views on monarchy, religion, and liberty, making him a subject of enduring historical and literary interest.
Contents
- Principal Works
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Essays
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Cromwell's Religion
(summary)
In the following excerpt, Ashley characterizes Cromwell as a man who felt moved by Providence to reestablish the correct balance between Church and State in England.
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Oliver Cromwell and English History
(summary)
In the following excerpts, Hill observes that Cromwell's ideas have had lasting effects on the minds of the English people, influencing their subsequent behavior toward the monarchy and their beliefs regarding religion, the middle class, and liberty.
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A Lovely Company
(summary)
In the following excerpt, Gillingham relies on Cromwell's letters and conversations to illustrate his development as a revolutionary soldier and as the leader of a loyal army.
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Introduction to Speeches of Oliver Cromwell
(summary)
In the following excerpt, Roots asserts that the occasional incoherence and ambiguity of Cromwell's speeches indicate that he spoke "extempore," without the benefit of formal written preparation, and that some of his ambiguity might also have been intentional.
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Oliver Cromwell
(summary)
In the following excerpt, Barg uses Cromwell's speeches to examine his final, troubled years in power and relies on the theories of Carl Marx and Friedrich Engels to explain Cromwell's attitude toward the poor and the bourgeoisie.
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Oliver Cromwell and English Political Thought
(summary)
In the following excerpt, Sommerville analyzes Cromwell's speeches for evidence of his belief in Providence as a rationale for rebellion, seizure of power, and the execution of King Charles I.
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The First Civil War, 1642-1646
(summary)
In the following excerpt, Gaunt employs letters and speeches to demonstrate Cromwell's evolution as military leader and politician during the Civil War of 1642-1646.
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Cromwell's Religion
(summary)
- Further Reading