Themes: Youth and Old Age
The narrative consistently delves into the juxtaposition of different phases of human existence. Santiago, despite being an elderly man, retains a youthful perspective in many respects. For example, he is an enthusiastic follower of baseball and admires players like Joe DiMaggio and Dick Sisler for their youthful abilities. His relationship with Manolin is partly anchored in Santiago's cherished memories of his own youth. He recalls witnessing lions on an African shore and triumphing in a hand-wrestling match against a well-known opponent that lasted an entire day. His frequent desire for the boy's company on the boat is not just for assistance in battling the fish; he also yearns for the boy’s youthful companionship. However, Santiago does not admire every aspect of youth indiscriminately. He contrasts his perception of the sea as a woman with that of "some of the younger fishermen, those who used buoys as floats and had motorboats," who view the sea as a male adversary to be conquered. Santiago also understands that youth may not find every aspect of old age appealing. For instance, he conceals from Manolin that he is not particularly concerned with regular washing or eating. Santiago is keenly aware of the limitations that come with old age. Although he retains much of his youthful vigor, he knows that, at his age, he can no longer fend off the sharks attacking his catch. Yet, despite his defeat, Santiago remains capable of planning his next fishing expedition and dreaming once more of the lions, which perhaps symbolize the vitality and freedom of youth.
Expert Q&A
What two things does the old man do to stay healthy and when did he begin talking to himself?
The old man stays healthy by eating turtle eggs in May to build strength for the fishing season and drinking shark liver oil daily to protect against colds and improve his eyesight. He began talking to himself, likely after the boy left, as he no longer had company, which highlights his loneliness. He justifies this by comparing it to how the wealthy listen to radios on their boats.
Is Santiago a successful teacher for Manolin in The Old Man and the Sea?
Santiago is a successful teacher for Manolin, imparting essential lessons such as vocation, humility, persistence, respect, suffering, and courage. He teaches Manolin to fish with love and respect for nature, not for profit, and exemplifies humility by not bragging about his catch. Santiago's persistence and respect for others serve as a model for Manolin. His endurance and courage, despite hardships, offer profound lessons in resilience and bravery.
Manolin's role and necessity in "The Old Man and the Sea."
Manolin's role in "The Old Man and the Sea" is to provide companionship and support to Santiago, the old man. He represents hope, renewal, and the continuation of Santiago's fishing legacy. Despite his parents' disapproval, Manolin's unwavering loyalty and care highlight the deep bond between the two characters, underscoring themes of mentorship and intergenerational friendship.
Symbolism and Themes in The Old Man and the Sea
In The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway employs religious imagery and symbolism to explore themes of transcendence, struggle, and the interconnectedness of life. Santiago, the protagonist, is likened to a Christ figure through his suffering and perseverance, symbolized by his carrying the mast like a cross. The sea represents both an adversary and a source of life, while the marlin and sharks embody the challenges and destructive forces humans face. Santiago's battle with the marlin symbolizes life's trials, and despite losing the fish, his spirit remains undefeated, highlighting a message of resilience and hope.
Get Ahead with eNotes
Start your 48-hour free trial to access everything you need to rise to the top of the class. Enjoy expert answers and study guides ad-free and take your learning to the next level.
Already a member? Log in here.