Illustration of a marlin in the water

The Old Man and the Sea

by Ernest Hemingway

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Themes: Love

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Despite the universe's seeming indifference, love often emerges as the sole lasting force. This is most evident in the relationship between Santiago and Manolin, which has endured since Manolin was a young child. Throughout the years, Santiago has taught Manolin how to fish, provided companionship, and offered a sense of self-worth that Manolin's father could not provide. In return, Manolin shows his affection for Santiago by bringing him food and crying for him after seeing the depth of his suffering while fighting the marlin. Manolin also plans to take care of Santiago during the coming winter by supplying him with clothing and water for washing.

Santiago's love extends beyond Manolin to others as well. He deeply loved his wife when they were married, but he had to take down her portrait after her death because it made him feel lonely. Even while suffering, Santiago remains thoughtful toward others, remembering his promise to give the fish head to his friend Pederico to use as bait. Santiago's love also includes nature, despite the difficulties it has often presented. His fondness for all living creatures, such as fish, birds, and turtles, is often highlighted, as is his love for the sea, which he sees as a woman who either grants or denies favors. In contrast, some younger fishermen often referred to the sea as a "contestant" or even an "enemy."

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Themes: The Human Condition

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Themes: Youth and Old Age

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