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What are the exposition, complication, climax, and denouement in Oedipus the King?
Quick answer:
In Oedipus the King, the exposition reveals Thebes is plagued, and Oedipus vows to find Laius's murderer. The complication arises when Teiresias accuses Oedipus of the murder. The climax occurs when the shepherd confirms Oedipus is Laius's son, revealing Oedipus killed his father and married his mother. The denouement follows with Oedipus blinding himself, Jocasta's suicide, and Oedipus's exile.
Exposition generally occurs at the start of a story.
Exposition is used by an author to reveal the setting,
characters, and conflicts of a story. In Oedipus the King, or
Oedipus Rex, Sophocles uses lines 1 through 774, up
until we first meet Jocasta, to set up the exposition. Through the exposition,
we learn the story is set in Thebes and the central conflict is that Thebes is
being ravished with plague; Oedipus's brother-in-law, Creon, has returned from
consulting the Oracle of Delphi to report that the plague is a consequence of
the city still harboring the murderer of King Laius, Jocasta's
late husband.
Authors create plot complications by adding new twists to the conflict that make the story more suspenseful. Sophocles' plot complication occurs the moment King Oedipus vows to find King Laius's killer and asks for anyone with information to step...
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forward, only to be told by thesoothsayer Teiresias that Oedipus himself is the "accursed polluter of this land" (421) and to say how completely blind Oedipus is to the extent of damage his own arrogance and hotheaded temper have caused:
[Y]ou have your eyesight, and you do not see how miserable you are, or where you live, or who it is who shares your household. (496-98)
The climax is defined as the turning point in the
story, the moment when rising action turns to falling action, leading towards
the resolution. The climax is also often the most emotionally intense moment of
the story. The climax occurs soon after the messenger from Corinth comes to
announce the death of Oedipus's father, King Polybus, and further informs
Oedipus that Polybus and Merobe were really Oedipus's adopted father and
mother. Soon after this, the shepherd is sent for who had given baby Oedipus to
the messenger. The climax occurs the moment the
shepherd confesses to having saved the life of baby Oedipus,
King Laius's son, by giving him away; the shepherd's confession, coupled with
the scars on Oedipus's ankles, proves that Oedipus was the son of King
Laius, the father he had killed at the crossroads near Delphi.
The denouement is defined as the continuation of the
story after the resolution, bringing the story to an end. The
resolution occurs the moment Oedipus realizes the extent of
the damage he has caused since he truly did kill his own father, fulfilling the
prophecies. The details of the denouement include his gouging
out his own eyes to symbolize that Teiresias was correct to have called him
blind, Jocasta hanging herself, and Oedipus saying goodbye to his children
before being led out of the city in exile.
References