In Greek mythology, Zeus is king of the gods, and in that capacity, it was believed that he ultimately upheld the cosmic and natural order. We see this role (as supreme cosmic arbiter) reflected consistently throughout The Odyssey.

For example, consider the beginning of the poem. When Athena wishes to see Odysseus released from his captivity by Calypso, it is to Zeus she appeals, and it is Zeus who sends Hermes to secure Odysseus's release. Later, when Odysseus begins his recounting of his sufferings to the Phaecians, it is notable that he credits Zeus's primary responsibility in shaping his difficulties, stating:

Let me tell you about the voyage fraught with hardship Zeus inflicted on me, homeward bound from Troy.

That responsibility is reflected throughout the poem itself. For example, when Odysseus's men slaughter the cattle of Helios, it is to Zeus that Helios brings his complaint, and it is Zeus who throws the thunderbolt which destroyed Odysseus's ship—an attack from which Odysseus himself is the only survivor. Later, after the Phaecians have returned Odysseus to Ithaca, Poseidon himself will appeal to Zeus, and it is on Zeus's judgment that Poseidon destroys the Phaecian ship while it is in sight of Phaecia itself.

Throughout the poem, Zeus is continually invoked as the supreme authority among the gods, a role in keeping with his cosmic significance within this ancient mythology.

What role does Zeus play in The Odyssey?

In The Odyssey, Zeus does not frequently appear; yet, when he does, he certainly utilizes his significant influence. In a sense, Zeus even sets forth the entire plot of The Odyssey, for, after being begged by Athena to assist Odysseus, Zeus offers his permission to intervene in Odysseus's journey. Furthermore, Zeus even makes the promise to help Odysseus return safely.

Zeus also sends a message in the form of an omen to Penelope's suitors. Telemachus pleads with these inconsiderate suitors to leave his home in the name of Zeus; of course, when they refuse, Zeus sends forth a pair of eagles that fight and tear at each other violently. The suitors struggle to understand what this vague message means, while the prophet Halitherses properly interprets the omen as a sign of Odysseus's inevitable return.