In Homer's epic poem The Odyssey, the protagonist Odysseus and his crew visit the Underworld. Their journey is guided by directions from Circe, the sea witch, who instructs them to make a sacrifice at the entrance to the world of the dead. Upon this sacrifice, ghosts visit the men. Odysseus is visited by three ghosts in particular.

Elpenor, a crew member, asks Odysseus to perform traditional burial rites for him. Odysseus acquiesces, reinforcing his characterization as a good leader and empathetic man. 

Anticleia, Odysseus' mother, next approaches. This is upsetting to Odysseus, who was unaware that his mother had died. At first, he does not let her drink the blood. When he does, she explains that she had died of grief and longing for Odysseus. She also reveals the dire nature of Penelope and Telemachus' situation. 

Odysseus also speaks with Tiresias, who offers further guidance and warnings for their trip home. In particular, he helps Odysseus to negotiate his relationships with the various gods who he has interacted or will interact with.