Illustration of Odysseus tied to a ship's mast

The Odyssey

by Homer

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Student Question

How does the simile in lines 36-45 of The Odyssey's book 13 relate to the overall story?

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The simile in lines 36-45 compares Odysseus's longing for home to a farmer's anticipation of supper after a day's work. This reflects Odysseus's desire for the end of his arduous journey. Unlike the farmer, who gains a harvest, Odysseus has lost much but is finally nearing home, where he hopes to "harvest" the rewards of reunion with his family. This simile underscores Odysseus's exhaustion and hope as he approaches Ithaca.

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And as a man longs for supper, for whom all day long a yoke of wine-dark oxen has drawn the jointed plough through fallow land, and gladly for him does the light of the sun sink, that he may busy him with his supper, and his knees grow weary as he goes; even so gladly for Odysseus did the light of the sun sink.

This simile can be related to the story of Odysseus as a whole in that Odysseus spends the entirety of his journey longing for the end of it; he is glad when it feels like the end of his journey is near. However, there are definitely limits to the similarity—a man ploughing a field is doing a deliberate piece of creative work for a definite gain (the harvest), whereas Odysseus has been buffeted hither and thither by fate, has lost everything—his crew, his money, all the...

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prizes he won during the Trojan War—and has nothing to show for it; there is no “harvest” for him. He is limping home, exhausted, after twenty years of being away. Ten years were spent in a war, and ten years were spent just beinglost—the victim of one catastrophe after another. He is more like someone who, having been lost, sees a light in a window at the edge of the forest and knows that help is near and that his trials are nearly over.

Arguably, the fact that Alcinous loads him down with gifts (because the Phaecians are so moved by his tale of woe) is sort of like Odysseus finally reaping a reward for all the toil he has undergone to get this close to home—they restore to him the greater part of what he lost through his various disasters, give him a good ship, and point him back toward Ithaca. The farmer who senses that the end of his labor is near is like Odysseus; Odysses is finally, after all this time, in sight of home, and he knows that he will soon be able to rest. Perhaps the “harvest” is in fact his homecoming (and, in addition to his home itself, his wife and his son). When Odysseus set out at the beginning of his “day” ten years ago, he knew the journey home meant work, but he thought it would be straight journey from Troy to Ithaca. Instead, he zigged and zagged across the Aegean for a decade, and each time he got close to home, he was turned away again in the opposite direction. This is similar to the way a team of oxen must turn at the end of each row to properly plough a field. Now he knows he is on the final furrow, and when he crosses it, he is finished; there will not be any more turning. The thought fills him with hope, and, simultaneously, he is exhausted because the prospect of rest after all this time is almost too much to bear. He just has to finish this last leg of his journey before he can reap the harvest of home, family, and rest.

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