Book 4 Summary and Analysis
Book 4
Telemachus and Pisistratus arrive at Sparta during a celebration. They are gladly received by Menelaus, who deduces that they are of noble birth. Telemachus exclaims at the beauty of the halls, and Menelaus sadly says how quickly he would trade his treasures to gain back the life of his friends, most of all the missing Odysseus. The mention of his father moves Telemachus to tears, and Menelaus rightly guesses that Telemachus is Odysseus’s son. Helen, Menelaus’s wife, arrives, and the two tell stories of Odysseus’s exploits during the war. Helen recalls Odysseus’s disguise as a beggar, and Menelaus recounts how Odysseus saved the Greeks from being discovered in the Trojan horse.
The next day, Menelaus asks Telemachus the reason for his visit. Telemachus confides that his family’s estate is being ruined by his mother’s suitors. Menelaus replies that the suitors’ abuse will be repaid in the end. Then he recounts his own return from Troy: trapped in Egypt, he relied on a nymph to guide him and help him capture Proteus, the ancient god of the sea. In addition to telling him how to sail safely back to Sparta, Proteus informed Menelaus that Odysseus was alive but trapped by Calypso on an island. After the tale, Menelaus asks Telemachus to stay and allow himself to be showered with gifts. Telemachus thanks him tactfully but ultimately declines, insisting on a quick and necessary return to Ithaca. Meanwhile, on Ithaca, the suitors plan to ambush Telemachus.
Analysis
Book 4 marks the end of the Telemacheia, which is the set of books that recount the story of Telemachus. Telemachus notably matures over the course of these books, with him initially dejected and self-admittedly inept and outclassed by the suitors, then subtly changing as he decides to undertake his own journey and hears the stories of his father’s cunning and heroism. He is directed by Athena and welcomed hospitably by his father’s old friends. Though he has not seen Odysseus since his infancy, Telemachus depends on stories about him for signs of who he ought to become. In Telemachus’s dealings with Nestor and Menelaus, Telemachus even exhibits a talent for flattering and pleasant conversation, so much so that Menelaus asks him to stay longer and consent to be showered with gifts. Having found a growing confidence in himself and learned that his father remains alive, Telemachus returns to Ithaca, ready to take charge of the situation.
Expert Q&A
What is Antinoos' plan against Telemachos in book 4 of The Odyssey?
In Book 4 of The Odyssey, Antinoos and some suitors plan to ambush Telemachus on his return from visiting Nestor and Menelaus. They intend to attack him in a narrow channel near Ithaca, ensuring no one discovers their plot by making it seem like his ship was lost at sea. However, their plan fails because Telemachus is protected by Athena, and he returns home safely.
In The Odyssey, book 4, is the phantom that appears to Penelope Athena or her sister?
In Book 4 of The Odyssey, the phantom that appears to Penelope is not Athena or her sister. Instead, Athena creates a phantom in the likeness of Penelope's sister, Iphthime. This apparition is sent by Athena to comfort Penelope, assuring her that her son will return. Thus, it is a created apparition, a "fake ghost," rather than the actual presence of Athena or Penelope's sister.
Who gets married in book 4 of The Odyssey?
In Book 4 of The Odyssey, the narrative describes the marriage celebrations at King Menelaus's palace. His son Megapenthes and his daughter Hermione are getting married, though not to each other. These festivities provide a backdrop for discussions among the guests, including reflections on the Trojan War and the experiences of Helen, Menelaus's wife, as well as stories about Odysseus.
Helen's character description and her significance in Book 4 of The Odyssey
In Book 4 of The Odyssey, Helen is portrayed as beautiful, intelligent, and perceptive. She plays a significant role by recognizing Telemachus as Odysseus's son and offering him hope about his father's return. Her presence highlights themes of loyalty and the impact of the Trojan War on Greek families.
Get Ahead with eNotes
Start your 48-hour free trial to access everything you need to rise to the top of the class. Enjoy expert answers and study guides ad-free and take your learning to the next level.
Already a member? Log in here.