In Percy Bysshe Shelley's own words, poetry can be
considered "the expression of the imagination," and, therefore, a poet
can be considered one who expresses his/her imagination well (Shelley,
"A Defence of Poetry").
Shelley also defines imagination as the ability to use one's
mind to "color [thoughts] with [the mind's] own light" in a way that yields
brand new thoughts. Both of Shelley's poems "Ode to the West
Wind" and "To a Skylark" are about
nature, more specifically the everyday seen
occurrences of the wind blowing and of a skylark singing where it
can't be seen. Looking at both of these poems, we can say that one of
Shelley's weaknesses is unimaginative subject matter.
However, he is also capable of taking the ordinary subject
matter of nature and "coloring" it in a way that nature
teaches a lesson about poetry and about human
nature. In that way, one of Shelley's strengths is
his ability to take the ordinary and use beautiful imagery and
other literary devices to make a brand new claim about the
ordinary.
Shelley uses "Ode to the West Wind" to describe the wind
blowing during a storm in the fall. He sees this wind as being both destructive
and able to preserve and even links the wind to mankind's ability to think.
More specifically, he sees the wind as being part of the process that makes
nature regenerate each year, as we see when he calls the wind one "[w]ho
chariotest to their dark wintry bed / The winged seeds, where they lie cold and
low ... until / Thine azure sister of Spring shall blow" (I.6-9). In other
words, he is seeing the wind as responsible for distributing and planting seeds
to grow into plants in the springtime, which is nature's way of rejuvenating.
He then wishes that the words of his poetry could be swept away by the wind so
that his dead words could generate new birth, as we see in his final stanza. It
seems that he is understanding the inanimate words of his poetry to be "dead
thoughts," and just like dead leaves and dead debris act as fertilizer to bring
things to life in the spring, he is wishing that his own dead words will bring
the world to life. One issue with this poem is that the topics of wind
and the rejuvenation of nature are very typical and
unimaginative topics. It also seems quite common and
unimaginative for a poet to say he wishes his words could be
spread throughout the world to enlighten the world. However, he does
speak of these mundane and imaginative topics using very beautiful
images, metaphors, similes, and allusions.
The same can be seen in "To a Skylark," which is merely a poem
about a skylark singing someplace where the poet cannot see the bird. Being
unable to see the bird peaked Shelley's imagination to envision where the bird
is, what it looks like, and what it's doing. He then likens the singing bird to
a poet and to mankind in general, ending with the argument that mankind can
learn a lot from a songbird who sings out of joy felt for no apparent reason.
Again, a songbird is a very typical unimaginative
topic. However, likening the songbird to mankind
creates a very nice argument and moral commanding human beings
to act joyously despite any contrary circumstances. What's more, again Shelley
spoke of his mundane topic using very beautiful imagery, metaphors, and
similes.
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