How is foreshadowing used in chapter 3 of Number the Stars?

Right at the end of chapter 3 of Lois Lowry's Number the Stars, Annemarie is in bed, trying to get to sleep. But she's not able to do so—at least not straight away—as her mind is preoccupied with all kinds of disturbing, scary thoughts.

At dinner that evening, Annemarie had heard the terrible news about the Nazis closing down Mrs. Hirsch's button shop. This was part of a general order to close down Jewish-owned businesses in Denmark. Annemarie is shocked on hearing the news and is also surprised to discover that Mrs. Hirsch is actually Jewish.

But she does know that the Rosens are Jewish, and so Annemarie's thoughts inevitably turn to her good friend Ellen and what might happen to her. Earlier in the evening, Annemarie had told her father that all of Denmark must be the bodyguard for the Jews. But as she lies in bed at night, she reflects that it's only people in fairytales who are required to show courage and die for each other. In real life, ordinary people like herself are never called upon to show courage.

This is an example of foreshadowing, because in later chapters, ordinary people like Annemarie and members of her family will indeed be called upon to show courage in protecting Ellen and other Jews from the Nazis.

How does the author use foreshadowing at the end of chapter 3 in Number the Stars?

In chapter 3 of Number the Stars, Annemarie starts to become aware of the increasing dangers that the Jews of Copenhagen are facing. After the Rosens leave ,and Ellen stays as her pretend sister, the family discusses the important challenging of helping the Jews. At the chapter’s end, Annemarie wonders about hard choices and whether she would have courage to make them, but she comforts herself that such matters only happen in fairy tales.

When she travels with her family and Ellen to the coast, where the Rosens will be smuggled to Sweden, Annemarie understands that she will have to play a significant role in an elaborate lie. When her Uncle Hendrik asks her how brave she is, she admits that she is not very brave. Soon her courage is tested.

After Annemarie sees a coffin brought into the house, she realizes that it does not contain the body of a dead relative, as they are pretending it does. When the German soldiers arrive and begin to ask questions about the funeral, she repeats the lies that everyone has been telling her. Holding up her end of this ruse helps the family succeed, and the soldiers leave.

Although the Rosens successfully reach the boat, it turns out that Mr. Rosen had not delivered an important package to Uncle Henrik on the boat. Annemarie finds the package lying on the ground near the house. Her mother cannot make the delivery because she has broken her ankle. Annemarie volunteers to take the package to the boat. On her way, German soldiers stop her and even open the package, but she keeps her cool and successfully delivers the handkerchief it contained. She has learned that she can be brave when motivated by concern for others.