Places Discussed
*Buenos Aires
*Buenos Aires. Capital city of Argentina, whose offices of the airmail service are the nerve center of air operations and of the central drama of the narrative. These offices are the command post from which Rivière, the operations chief, wages a war against the darkness of night, severe weather, and other hazards to aviation. In this heroic struggle, Rivière stations himself in Buenos Aires, the nerve center of an epic struggle. He feels that he must do away with the mystery, symbolized by such natural elements as the night, the ocean, the vast forces that constantly threaten to overwhelm and defeat humans. This mission is a moral one that challenges him to command events rather than be commanded by them. To do so is to become a creator of humanity’s future. This struggle imbues this outpost of humanity’s progress with universal significance, and Argentina symbolizes one of the last frontiers of human endeavor.
Night sky
Night sky. Saint-Exupéry’s metaphors repeatedly depict the night sky as an ocean traversed by the pilots in their airplanes, ships heading to port and weathering the storms. The airmail pilots are depicted as sea divers who descend to the sea floor in search of the sea’s mysteries, then make their way back to the surface, but the principal arena of their battle is the night sky above South America, symbol of humanity’s reach into the unknown.
In the sea of darkness that the pilots confront in their journey to and from Buenos Aires, the chief enemies are the darkness itself, which blinds them and threatens always to lead them off course, and the weather, whose powerful squalls, wind currents, and sudden changes constantly challenge pilots to perform heroically. The central issue of the narrative is whether humans can prevail against nature in their quest to extend the range of their activities, expand their presence in nature, and enlarge their significance in the universe. In the sky, especially the night sky, these heroic warriors are opposed by nature, which represents death, ignorance, and weakness.
The pilots represent the human struggle to advance against the darkness, and one of them, Fabien, gives his life in the struggle, waging war against a cyclone from his cockpit in the dark sky above Patagonia. His death demonstrates not only the hazards of night flight but the tremendous power of a natural force to overwhelm a mere mortal. The storm and the dark sky are his field of battle, which stands for any place in which humans struggle to survive in a noble cause.
Fabien’s home
Fabien’s home. As he prepares for one of his night flights, Fabien is depicted as a warrior suiting up for battle, his wife in admiring attendance. This homely scene balances the heroic drama taking place in the pilot’s cockpit and Rivière’s offices. This location symbolizes domesticity, motherhood, marriage, and personal happiness. To Rivière, it represents a truth that he cannot deny but, at the same time, cannot allow to enter his world, which places the struggle against nature above personal happiness.
The brief scene inside Fabien’s home contrasts sharply with the solitary, hard, unforgiving world of the pilot. This place is especially important, for it represents the powerful forces that home and family represent and shows that they are not diminished by the heroic battle in the night sky. One of the dominant images in the book is that of a solitary plane, deep in an ocean of stars and darkness, journeying toward home.
Literary Techniques
Among the three works...
(This entire section contains 213 words.)
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by Saint-Exupery considered,Night Flight is the only one that exhibits the traits of a true novel, although its brevity classifies it more as a novella. Saint-Exupery initially submitted four hundred pages to Gallimard, which were condensed to one hundred fifty. This reduction enhanced the story's rigor and precision but sacrificed much of the poetic quality that was Saint-Exupery's strength. Night Flight has been described as "a work which gets as close as it can to a poem stretched out into a book of prose." Curtis Cate refers to it as "a treatise on leadership written in the form of a novel in the language of a poet."
Beyond the poetic descriptions of the night, the impending cyclone that leads to Fabien's disappearance, and the philosophical undertones, Saint-Exupery also incorporates dramatic elements. He skillfully uses dialogue, such as in Riviere's reprimand of Riblet, the farewell between Simone and Fabien, and Robineau's conversation with Riviere, who cautions him against forming attachments with his subordinates. Dramatic tension is heightened during Fabien's final moments in the air and in the heroic sorrow of Fabien's wife, Simone. As in most of Saint-Exupery's works, the refined poetic beauty and the delicate, respectful depiction of characters add to the charm and popularity of Night Flight.
Literary Precedents
Night Flight perhaps more than any other work, demonstrates the impact of Nietzsche, whom Saint-Exupery greatly admired. The extraordinary commitment to duty exhibited by Rivizere and mirrored in his pilots echoes Nietzsche's concept of the superman. Riviere's character is inspired not only by Didier Daurat, Saint-Exupery's Operational Director, but also by a story from Jules Verne, Les Indes Noires (1877; Child of the Cavern: or Strange Doings Underground, 1877), which Saint-Exupery recalled from his childhood. The influence of Joseph Conrad, evident in all of Saint-Exupery's writings, is also prominently featured here.
Bibliography
Cate, Curtis. Antoine de Saint-Exupéry: His Life and Times. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1970. Born in France and educated in England and America, Cate wrote the first major biography of Saint-Exupéry in English. The author comments extensively on the airman’s literary works.
Migeo, Marcel. Saint-Exupéry. Translated by Herma Briffault. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960. Shortly after the end of World War II, in the course of researching the life of Saint-Exupéry, the author interviewed Didier Daurat, the inspiration for Rivière.
Rumbold, Richard, and Lady Margaret Stewart. The Winged Life: A Portrait of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Poet and Airman. New York: David McKay, 1953. Written by a World War II Royal Air Force pilot and the daughter of a former secretary of air in the British cabinet, the work is a sympathetic study of the famous French pilot.
Schiff, Stacy. Saint-Exupéry: A Biography. New York: Knopf, 1994. This well-written biography explores the connection between Saint-Exupéry the pilot and Saint-Exupéry the writer. It includes a comprehensive discussion of the circumstances and influences surrounding Night Flight.
Smith, Maxwell A. Knight of the Air. London: Cassell, 1959. The author of this work concentrates not only on Saint-Exupéry’s life but also, more specifically, on his literary works, including an excellent analysis of Night Flight.
