What is the relationship between Septimus and Clarissa in Mrs. Dalloway?

Septimus Smith and Clarissa Dalloway are two of the most notable characters in Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway. Although the two characters never meet, the connection between them plays a significant role in the novel.

Clarissa first hears of Septimus at the party she is hosting. Lady Bradshaw, a guest at the party, does not mention Septimus by name, but she tells Clarissa of a former army soldier who committed suicide.

Initially, Clarissa is appalled by the mention of death at her party, which is meant to be a celebration of life:

Oh! thought Clarissa, in the middle of my party, here's death, she thought.

Clarissa views the news of Septimus's suicide as an unwelcome intrusion and fears it will ruin the party she worked so hard to throw. The news of death invading the party represents the inescapability and inevitability of death.

Clarissa retreats to a nearby room alone and reflects on the news she just received. At first she does not understand why Septimus took his own life, but upon further thought, she comes to understand and appreciate his decision. She realizes that Septimus chose to preserve his true self by committing suicide. Since he was not able to live on his own terms, he chose to die on his own terms. She comes to understand and admire his choice:

Death was defiance. Death was an attempt to communicate; people feeling the impossibility of reaching the centre which, mystically, evaded them; closeness drew apart; rapture faded, one was alone. There was an embrace in death.

It is because of Septimus's death that Clarissa is finally able to examine her own life and the choices she has made and accept the idea of her own mortality. Septimus's suicide illuminates the flaws of English society, enabling Clarissa to finally become aware of and acknowledge these flaws.

Septimus and Clarissa are narrative foils of one another. They seem to quite different on the surface, but they actually have a great deal in common. They never meet in the novel, but their thoughts and actions often run parallel to each other. Clarissa is eventually able to understand and relate to Septimus when she hears of his suicide, even though she has never met him and, in fact, doesn't know his name.

How does Septimus' death impact Clarissa and Lucrezia in "Mrs. Dalloway"?

Rezia's reaction to her husband's death is seemingly one of acceptance. She is not described as having much of a reaction at all, which makes sense considering all the times she has witnessed difficult and confusing behaviors in Septimus. As well, both Rezia and Septimus were disappointed by Dr. Bradshaw's recommendation that Septimus be institutionalized and that they be separated, so perhaps she felt that Septimus was forced into a corner and saw no way out but suicide.

Clarissa's reaction to Septimus's suicide is more complicated. At first, she resents that the Bradshaws have even mentioned his death at her party, feeling that suicide is an unfit topic for her social event. Then, Clarissa acknowledges her own refusal to feel pity for the man she does not know, who was a patient of Dr. Bradshaw's whom she has never met. Later, however, she quotes Shakespeare's Cymbeline in response to her ruminations about the suicide, saying "Fear no more the heat o’ the sun" as a way to express her admiration for the man's suicide, enacted in defiance of his own possible fears of death.

Clarissa Dalloway identifies with Septimus Warren Smith's views on the meaning of life, she questions whether it is ever possible to be truly happy.

When Septimus commits suicide, Clarissa is hosting her party, she feels guilty.

"She understands the choice of suicide. Her busy habits and parties seem like unworthy trifles, while suicide is a statement about life. She senses the great chasm between those who make this statement and herself."

After Septimus throws himself out the window. his wife, Lucrezia understands what he has done. 

"Dr. Holmes sees it, as does Rezia a moment after. Everyone is upset, and they move clumsily in their distress. Big Ben tolls six o’clock. People think to distract themselves, or they retreat into their memories. Mrs. Filmer appreciates the doctor’s ability to take charge of the situation. He says Rezia must sleep."

What are the similarities between Septimus and Clarissa in Mrs. Dalloway?

Woolf tells us in the introduction to the 1928 eidtion of her book that Septimus is intended to be the double of Mrs. Dalloway.  Indeed, she first thought that he might live while Clarissa would die. As a result, many critics understand his death to be a substitute for Clarissa, for if he dies for his war experience (especially the death of his friend) and his inablility to adjust to life, she is able to live, to adjust to the confinements of her married life.  Clarissa's meditation on Septimus's death at her party indicates this intuitive closeness she feels to a man she has never known.  "Death was defiance," she tells herself.  "Death was an attempt to communicate. . . . Had he plunged holding his treasure?"  "What a plunge" begins Mrs.Dalloway, and the treasure she holds was her moment when Sally Seton kissed her.  Septimus shared a similar close relationship with his friend who died at the front.  Clarissa also says at her party, "She felt somehow very lke him....she felt glad that he had done it; thrown it away. . . . He made her feel the beauty."