Mountains Beyond Mountains: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer, A Man Who Would Cure the World

by Tracy Kidder

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Part III, Chapter 14 Summary and Analysis

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Summary
While he was attending medical school, Farmer lived at St. Mary of the Angels. This church, in the largely Black Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, was run by Father Jack Roussin. Roussin was a was politically active priest, but also had a great sense of humor and accepted people: he knew Ophelia and Paul were sleeping together in Paul's room in the rectory but teased them about it rather than forbidding it. Father Jack served on Partners in Health's board of advisers until he moved to Carabayllo, a slum in Lima, Peru. Once there, he suggested PIH start a public health project there. Jim Kim agreed to do so. Kim had served as Paul's assistant for eight years and wanted to repeat Farmer's successes somewhere else.

Farmer convinced Jack White to donate $30,000 (about half the cost of the project), and advised Kim as he worked on his plan to create "Socios en Salud" (Partners in Health in Spanish) and tried to train a team of public health workers. Kim, however, ran into trouble, first with Father Jack's choice of workers, and then with the political upheaval in Peru. One New Year's Eve, guerrillas from the Shining Path movement blew up the pharmacy they had built in Carabayllo. A rumor said they had done so because the pharmacy was a "palliative" that would diminish the poor's drive for revolution. Farmer counseled Kim to patience, and to focus on the work, rather than his own frustration. He came to Lima to complete a public health survey like the one he had done in Haiti. He learned that the Peruvian government had recognized the danger of TB and had instituted a national program to deal with it that the World Health Organization (WHO) had said was superior.

Then Father Jack became sick and died in 1995. Tests done in the United States showed he died of a strain of TB that was resistant to even the best drugs American doctors were using to treat TB. Father Jack's death shattered Farmer emotionally and drove him to find out what was really happening in Peru's TB treatment program. Farmer discovered that they were not tracking patients who were treated but not cured properly, and, as a result, releasing patients back into the community carrying strains of MDR TB. Farmer tried to get the Peruvian authorities to listen to him, and Jamie Bayona, a Peruvian Catholic who had worked with Farther Jack, tried to help him.

Analysis
Chapter 14 shows Farmer and his disciples trying to carry out their mission on a broader stage. And in many ways, the move into the slums of Peru plays out like an act of Christian discipleship, especially that of the early Christian church. Just as Christ, and later Saint Paul, could not carry their message of love to every place in the world personally, so Paul Farmer could not carry out his mission of embodied love (caring for the poor) everywhere personally. Instead, he had to recruit loyal and able disciples, and do his own work while counseling them on theirs. Farmer's daily phone calls to Kim parallel Saint Paul's letters to the Corinthians.

Chapter 14 also shows Farmer beginning to clash with a wider range of political organizations. It is not just Farmer clashing with his own country or with the local politics of Haiti. He is now clashing with Marxist guerrillas (the Shining Path), with an established national health system (in Peru), and with global organizations who are theoretically on his side (the World Health Organization). This requires some adaptation, some learning, and some further recruitment on Farmer's part.

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Part III, Chapter 13 Summary and Analysis

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