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The Most Dangerous Game

by Richard Edward Connell

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Foreshadowing in "The Most Dangerous Game."

Summary:

In Richard Connell's "The Most Dangerous Game," foreshadowing is used to build suspense and hint at future events. The ominous reputation of Ship-Trap Island and sailors' dread of it foreshadow the dangerous events Rainsford will face. The conversation between Rainsford and Whitney about hunting, where Whitney empathizes with the prey, foreshadows Rainsford's role reversal as the hunted. Additionally, the mysterious gunshots and screams Rainsford hears hint at Zaroff's deadly game of hunting humans.

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What are two examples of foreshadowing in "The Most Dangerous Game"?

Some examples of foreshadowing in "The Most Dangerous Game" by Richard Connell are the warning about how sailors feel about Ship-Trap Island, the conversation between Whitney and Rainsford about hunting and the jaguar, and the scream Rainsford hears as he swims.

When Whitney points out the island, he explains to Rainsford that "sailors have a curious dread of the place. I don't know why. Some superstition—." Rainsford is so focused on the island that he ignores the warning and just tries to see land through the dark night.

Connell foreshadows what happens on the island by alerting readers that something is wrong with it. While not all superstitions are based on reality, it's clear that something is amiss. If Rainsford had paid more attention to Whitney's words, he might have avoided the entire encounter with General Zaroff.

Another example of foreshadowing in the story is the conversation...

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between Rainsford and Whitney about hunting in the Amazon; they're traveling there when Rainsford falls off the ship. Connell writes:

"The best sport in the world," agreed Rainsford.
"For the hunter," amended Whitney. "Not for the jaguar."
"Don't talk rot, Whitney," said Rainsford. "You're a big-game hunter, not a philosopher. Who cares how a jaguar feels?"
"Perhaps the jaguar does," observed Whitney.

Rainsford goes on to tell Whitney that the world has two classes: the hunters and the hunted. Rainsford identities himself and his companion as hunters. Unfortunately for him, he'll experience the fear and panic of the jaguar soon when he arrives on Ship-Trap Island and plays the game with General Zaroff.

Finally, the scream that Rainsford hears when he swims toward the island foreshadows the game that Zaroff hosts. It says that the sound "came out of the darkness, a high screaming sound, the sound of an animal in an extremity of anguish and terror. He did not recognize the animal that made the sound." Connell goes on to say that Rainsford didn't even attempt to identify it.

The sound of the animal screaming in pain—likely a human—foreshadows Rainsford becoming the hunted as Zaroff pursues him across the island later in the story.

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"We should make it in a few days. I hope the jaguar guns have come from Purdey's. We should have some good hunting up the Amazon. Great sport, hunting."

  • Refers to James Purdey & Sons, which is a gun manufacturer founded in 1814 in London. Connell uses this name to suggest that the men are experts in hunting and use only the finest weaponry.

"He is a Cossack," said the general, and his smile showed red lips and pointed teeth. "So am I."

  • Refers to people from Southern part of Russia and Ukraine. They are well known for their prowess in battle and military situations. Zaroff wants Rainsfield to know that both of them are highly competitive and not to be trifled with.

"Then be sat down, took a drink of brandy from a silver flask, lit a cigarette, and hummed a bit from Madame Butterfly."

  • Refers to a famous opera composed by Giacomo Puccini. This addition could be a bit of irony in that such a distinguished man with familiarity of the arts is participating in a depraved, savage-like "game."

"In his library he read, to soothe himself, from the works of Marcus Aurelius."

  • Refers to the Roman Emperor, Marcus Aurelius, who was also a very famous philosopher. This could also be ironic considering Aurelius was known for his character and respect for others. It's quite intriguing that his works would soothe someone who enjoys hunting humans like prey.
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Foreshadowing is seen early on, when Rainsford and Whitney discuss the morality of hunting. Both are skilled hunters, but Whitney is more empathic towards the prey animals, while Rainsford is more contemptuous:

"This hot weather is making you soft, Whitney. Be a realist. The world is made up of two classes -- the hunters and the huntees. Luckily, you and I are hunters."
(Connell, "The Most Dangerous Game," classicreader.com)

This mindset, that the laws of nature are made to favor the strong and allow the strong to prey on the weak, is seen later in Zaroff's philosophies. While Rainsford simply thinks that thinking man is superior of animals to the extent allowed by hunting -- that is, intelligent man is allowed to hunt animals because they cannot think as humans do -- Zaroff takes the philosophy to its extreme, believing that the strong among humans, including himself, have a moral right to hunt other humans. Rainsford finds out the hard way that rationalizing hunting more than food or fun is a slippery slope.

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What are four examples of suspense and foreshadowing in "The Most Dangerous Game"?

Other examples of foreshadowing in "The Most Dangerous Game":

"Don't talk rot, Whitney," said Rainsford. "You're a big-game hunter, not a philosopher. Who cares how the jaguar feels?"

Rainsford will soon find out for himself how it feels to be hunted. Later, after he has fallen overboard, he hears "the sound of an animal in an extremity of anguish and terror." But, there is something peculiar about the sound.

He did not recognize the animal that made the sound; he did not try to; with fresh vitality he swam toward the sound. He heard it again; then it was cut short by another noise, crisp, staccato.
    "Pistol shot," muttered Rainsford, swimming on.

He will soon find out that the sound is not that of an animal, but a man.

After reaching the chateau, Rainsford shares a meal with General Zaroff, who the visitor notices is studying him carefully. When Rainsford remarks that the Cape buffalo is the most dangerous game of all, Zaroff disagrees.

For a moment the general did not reply; he was smiling his curious red-lipped smile. Then he said slowly, "No. You are wrong, sir. The Cape buffalo is not the most dangerous big game." He sipped his wine. "Here in my preserve on this island," he said in the same slow tone, "I hunt more dangerous game."
Rainsford expressed his surprise. "Is there big game on this island?"
The general nodded. "The biggest."

Rainsford will personally find out what this mysterious game is.

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Within the first sentence of the story, Whitney says, "Off there to the right - somewhere - is a large island... It's rather a mystery."  Not knowing exactly where the island is, and calling it a mystery both build suspense.

My favorite piece of foreshadowing comes with a few of Rainsford's words. Rainsford and Whitney discuss the feelings of the jaguar. Rainsford thinks they don't have feelings, but Whitney presents the idea that maybe they do... Rainsford comments:

Nonsense. This hot weather is making you soft, Whitney. Be a realist. The world is made up of two classes - the hunters and the huntees.

Not only does this foreshadow the fact that there is going to be a hunt, but it ironically stages Rainsford to believe that he is fairly sure about what side or which class he resides in.

Each sound is both foreshadowing and suspense. Suspense because the sounds are scary sounds: a scream and a pistol shots. Foreshadowing because there will be further screaming and further shooting.

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What early clues in "The Most Dangerous Game" foreshadow danger for Rainsford?

There is a great deal of foreshadowing in "The Most Dangerous Game" that suggests that danger is in store for Rainsford. 

First off, even Whitney acknowledges within the first several lines that the name of the island they are sailing past is called "Ship-Trap Island." He comments that it's a "suggestive name" and that sailors have a "curious dread of the place." He later returns to the topic, stating that the place has a bad reputation and that even cannibals wouldn't dare live there. While Whitney is convinced that the place is evil, Rainsford thinks nothing of it. 

When Whitney and Rainsford are discussing the feelings of the jaguar they are about to hunt, Whitney comments that the jaguar understands a singular thing: "the fear of pain and the fear of death." Rainsford laughs this off, hardly realizing that he will soon be experiencing the same fear. 

Later that evening, Rainsford hears three gunshots preceded by an odd cry; these are the sounds of something being hunted on the island. At this point, he falls off the railing of the yacht and into the dark water-- an event which foreshadows his later intentional dive into the waters to escape Zaroff and his hounds. 

As he is swimming to shore, Rainsford hears a sound that he does not recognize as an animal sound, which is then cut short by a pistol shot. On the island, he sees the evidence of a struggle: bloodshed, empty cartridges, and the print of a hunting boot. 

All of this foreshadows the fact that Rainsford himself will be hunted and come face-to-face with his own mortality at the hands of the sadistic Zaroff. 

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What are examples of foreshadowing in "The Most Dangerous Game"?

First, Rainsford's thoughts during his conversation with Whitney, his hunting partner onboard their ship, gives off a sense of foreboding when he tells the reader, "What I felt was a -- a mental chill; a sort of sudden dread."  Additionally, the gunshots he heard sounding off in the distance also foreshadow the later events in that they establish some sort of presence from the island the sailors so feared, known as Shiptrap Island, a name which on its own could be foreshadowing the later events in that they are on a ship and the island's name leaves a sense of danger in the air.

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What are some examples of foreshadowing in "The Most Dangerous Game"?

The foreshadowing begins early in the story. Whitney, Rainsford friend, tells him that the name of the island is "Ship Trap Island" and  sailors are very nervous about it. The ship's captain has told Whitney,

"This place has an evil name among seafaring men...Don't you feel anything?--as if the air about us was actually poisonous?" (pg 1)

This foreshadows the fact that something evil happens on the island.

 Whitney and Rainsford also talk about hunting.  When Rainsford says that hunting is the best sport in the world, Whitney comments that for the hunter it is, but not for the jaguar.  Rainsford scoffs at him, and Whitney replies, 

"Even so, I rather think they understand one thing--fear.  The fear of pain and the fear of death." (pg 1)

Rainford will later be able to identify with this fear when he is  hunted by Zaroff. 

When Rainsford falls off the yacht, he swims to shore.  He is a strong swimmer.  This is important and foreshadows the swimming he had to do at the end of the story. 

When he was in the water, he was directed to the shore by two sounds. 

"Somewhere, off in the blackness, someone had fired a gun three times. (pg 2)

"Rainsford heard a sound.  It came out of the darkness, a high screaming sound, the sound of an animal in an extremity of anguish and terror.  He did not recognize the animal that made the sound....he heard it again; then it was cut short by another noise, crisp staccato." (pg 2)

Rainsford was a professional hunter, and yet he did not recognize the animal that made the sound.  This foreshadows that it may be something unusual.  When Rainsford arrives on the shoreline, he sees evidence of the shooting and a 22 casing. 

"That's odd.  It must have been a fairly large animal too.  The hunter had his nerve with him to tackle it with a light gun.  It's clear that the brute put up a fight." (pg 3)

This foreshadows again the type of animal that Zaroff hunts.

Rainsford walks until he arrives at Zaroff's home, a palatial chateau.

"It was set on a high bluff, and on three sides of it cliffs dived down to where the sea licked greedy lips in the shadows." (pg 3)

It is due to this unusual placement of the chateau that Rainsford will be able to defeat Zaroff. When Rainsford enters the chateau, he finds,

"About the hall were mounted heads of many animals --lions, tigers, elephants, moose, bears; larger or  more perfect specimens Rainsford had never seen.  (pg 4)

This foreshadows Zaroff's love and history of hunting. However, there was something about Zaroff that bothered Rainsford.

"Whenever he looked up from his plate, he found the general studying him, appraising him narrowly." (pg 4)

This foreshadows that Zaroff is evaluating him as possible quarry.

When Rainsford remarks that he thinks the Cape buffalo is the most dangerous game to hunt, Zaroff objects,

"No, You are wrong, sir.  The Cape buffalo is not the most dangerous game.  Here on my preserve on this island, I hunt more dangerous game." (pg 4)

This foreshadows the fact that Zaroff hunts men. He tells Rainsford that he has to stock the island with this game.  Again this is a foreshadowing of the "Ship Trap Island" idea. 

Finally the general tells Rainsford,

"I wanted the ideal animal to hunt....it must have courage, cunning, and above all, it must be able to reason." 

Since no animal can reason except a man, this foreshadows that Zaroff hunts men.

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What clues at the story's start foreshadow danger for Rainsford?

In the short story "The Most Dangerous Game," there is some foreshadowing of the trouble toward which Rainsford is headed.  We get some foreshadowing from the title itself.  We can see from the title that something "dangerous" is going to happen.  As the story opens the mood of the setting helps set the tone of the story too.

At the very beginning of the story Rainsford is onboard a ship and has a converstation that gives clues.  The following quote is taken from the story by Richard Connell

"OFF THERE to the right--somewhere--is a large island," said Whitney." It's rather a mystery--"

"What island is it?" Rainsford asked.

"The old charts call it `Ship-Trap Island,"' Whitney replied." A suggestive name, isn't it? Sailors have a curious dread of the place. I don't know why. Some superstition--" (Book of Short Stories  page 293)

Rainsford hears a shot far off in the distance and when he falls overboard, as he is swimming to the island, he hears the cry of an "animal" that he cannot place.  These are all clues and I would have been swimming in the opposite direction.

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What are examples of symbolism in "The Most Dangerous Game"?

"The Most Dangerous Game" is often cited in anthologies for the structure or plot, not to mention its great suspense. To identify a symbol is a bit of a stretch in this work, but there are items worthy of use.

In the beginning Whitney and Rainsford discuss the jaguar. As they talk, Whitney points out that even an animal can contain fear, while Rainsford laughs the thought away. Although this is a great moment of foreshadowing and as it is later fulfilled we see the irony of an animal's capacity to fear, I think Connell uses this animal to represent the innocence of all animals. This story was written as a reflection of the big game hunting that was done for sport in the early 1900s. Connell uses this animal to later illustrate what it would feel like if a human had to endure the fear of being hunted for days on end.

Similarly, the cry that Rainsford hears while swimming close to shore after hearing small caliber gun shots, symbolizes the torment and agony animals go through when hunters aren't responsible about their sport. A kill shot is a necessity for many moral hunters because they actually care about wildlife game management. They don't want to put animals through pain, but I think Connell uses this cry to demonstrate that hunting creates pain, and that death is painful, no matter how it is done.

The term game is used to have a double meaning, thus it is often a play on words when used in the story to mean either or both the animal and the sport. I think you could use game as a symbol to demonstrate that their is a win and a loss. Connell would like his audience to understand that hunting may be a loss for us in the long run.

These may be some stretchers, but the work has many other devices that it is regularly recognized for. I hope you can use some of these.

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What elements of foreshadowing are in "The Most Dangerous Game"?

The most obvious foreshadowing in "The Most Dangerous Game" is the extreme dark seen by Rainsford in the beginning.

"The old charts call it 'Ship-Trap Island...'"

"Can't see it," remarked Rainsford, trying to peer through the dank tropical night that was palpable as it pressed its thick warm blackness in upon the yacht.
(Connell, "The Most Dangerous Game," fiction.eserver.org)

This foreshadows the method General Zaroff uses to trap his prey, by  luring ships into a rocky deathtrap with lights that mimic a safe channel. Ships cannot see the island and its rocks in the dark, and Rainsford is both lured in by a gunshot from the dark and then hunted by Zaroff in the dark.

Another element of foreshadowing is Rainsford's offhanded statement that the world is composed of "hunters and huntees." This idea is taken to its extreme by Zaroff and rejected in spirit by Rainsford, but he finds himself needing to conform to it by the end of the story. When he confronts Zaroff, he describes himself as "a beast at bay," to Zaroff's hunter. This brings his personal journey full-circle, from hunter to prey and then back to hunter.

References

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What techniques does the author use in "The Most Dangerous Game" to foreshadow the plot twist?

In the exposition of his short story "The Most Dangerous Game" Richard Connell uses both setting and dialogue to foreshadow later events. The initial setting of the story is on a yacht heading toward South America where the protagonist Rainsford and his companion Whitney will hunt jaguars. As they pass an unseen island Whitney tells Rainsford that the sailors and even the captain of the yacht are uneasy about passing what is mysteriously called "Ship-Trap Island." Whitney says that, "Sailors have a curious dread of the place." The mystery of the island is later revealed. It is the home of General Zaroff who, because he has grown bored with hunting animals, now uses his private island to hunt the sailors who are shipwrecked. Therefore, the "dread" is well founded.

During the conversation between the two men Whitney also suggests that the animals they hunt understand fear and pain. Rainsford objects to this assertion, claiming animals have no understanding. Whitney disagrees, saying,

"I rather think they understand one thing—fear. The fear of pain and the fear of death."

This discussion most likely was on Rainsford's mind later in the story when he is being hunted by the general. He finally understands the fear that the hunter strikes in his prey. After the general survives one of Rainsford's traps and assures the American that he will return, Rainsford's fear is magnified:

...Rainsford, with fear again gripping his heart, heard the general's mocking laugh ring through the jungle...Rainsford took up his flight again. It was flight now, a desperate, hopeless flight...

At the end of the story Rainsford admits that he is a "beast at bay" and there can be only one outcome to the hunt, the death of one of the men. Rainsford's experience as a hunted animal echoes the words of Whitney in the exposition of the story. 

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What are three examples of foreshadowing in "The Most Dangerous Game"?

You have correctly identified what this short story is used by most teachers to teach: foreshadowing. One of the ways that writers create suspense is through foreshadowing, the use of clues that hint at later events in the story. Foreshadowing makes you curious, even anxious, to know what will happen next.

For me, one of the first pieces of foreshadowing that occurs in the story is in the discussion between Rainsford and Whitney. Note what they say:

"The best sport in the world," agreed Rainsford.

"For the hunter," amended Whitney. "Not for the jaguar."

"Don't talk rot, Whitney," said Rainsford. "You're a big game hunter, not a philosopher. Who cares how a jaguar feels?"

Of course, this is ironic as Rainsford himself is going to discover how the jaguar feels as he becomes the hunted rather than the hunter.

The second piece of foreshadowing I will focus on comes very close to the first. The evil reputation that the island has clearly forebodes some kind of ill, as we will later discover. Note how this is introduced:

"Yes, even that though-minded old Swede, who'd go up to the devil himself and ask him for a light. Those fishy blue eyes held a look I never saw there before. All I could get out of him was: 'This place has an evil name among seafaring men, sir.'

This clearly hints at some kind of danger that will feature in the rest of the story.

Clearly another highly significant piece of foreshadowing occurs once Rainsford is on the island and he sees the evidence of a hunt, but he is not able to work out what kind of animal was hunted:

Some wounded thing, by the evidence a large animal, had thrashed about in the underbrush; the jungle weeds were crushed down and the moss was lacerated; one patch of weeds was stained crimson.

Of course, later on Rainsford will no precisely the identity of the species of animal that was hunted.

So there you are - three examples of foreshadowing which arguably help to make this a unique story of suspense story and one which keeps the reader engaged.

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In "The Most Dangerous Game," how does the scary island discussion foreshadow Rainsford's fate?

The discussion between Whitney and Rainsford has many elements of foreshadowing because what Rainsford learns about and experiences on the island afterwards not only help to develop the theme, but also the philosophy behind hunter vs. "huntees." First of all, the island's name is Ship-Trap Island. Titles and names represent the nature or character behind them. General Zaroff gets all of his game from sailors who either fall off their ships, like Rainsford does, or who have been shipwrecked and set adrift.

Next, Rainsford and Whitney discuss hunting, which is only a game to hunters, especially General Zaroff, but life or death to the prey. Whitney brings up this perspective because Rainsford will soon experience what it is to be prey when he falls victim to General Zaroff and his island game. The foreshadowing to these events can be seen in the following discourse:

"'The best sport in the world,' agreed Rainsford. 'For the hunter,' amended Whitney. 'Not for the jaguar.'"

Then, when Whitney discusses omens of the sea, or the possible truth behind sailors' feelings, which he warns Rainsford not to disregard. He gives Rainsford the following example:

"There was no breeze. The sea was as flat as a plate-glass window. We were drawing near the island then. What I felt was a--a mental chill, a sort of sudden dread."

The absence of breeze suggests lifelessness and doom. Mental chills are like omens that warn one about what is to come in the future. For instance, Rainsford is about to sense sudden dread for his own life when he becomes Zaroff's prey.

Finally, falling into line with every foreshadowing hint as set forth in this discussion, Rainsford falls overboard when he strains to see the island in the dark when he hears the report of a gun. The text describes Rainsford's fall into the ocean like a foreshadowing for the events to follow, as in this sentence:

"The cry was pinched off short as the blood-warm waters of the Caribbean Sea closed over his head."

The words "blood" and "water" both represent life or death, depending on the circumstances around which they are used. In Rainsford's case, he faces death once he falls into the ocean and winds up on Ship-Trap Island.

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