tablesetting complete with forks, knives, and spoons, and a baby on the plate in the center above the words "A Modest Proposal"

A Modest Proposal

by Jonathan Swift

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Student Question

What are examples of "Ironic Inversion" and "Bathos" in A Modest Proposal and their purpose?

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After stating the problem, Swift proposes his solution, which he ironically says “I hope will not be liable to the least objection.” He savagely remarks that the landlords of Ireland should be happy to eat children, since they have already devoured most of the parents. He continually compares children with...

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animals and finally says that the children should be kept alive and then dressed “hot from the knife” like a roasting pig. The ironic comparison is sustained when he suggests using the childen’s skin to make gloves and boots.

Swift admits that the practice of eating young people may be open to censure “as a little bordering upon cruelty” and says that this has always been the strongest argument against any project, ironically suggesting that he may be rather over-scrupulous in his concern.

The essay ends in bathos and irony when Swift points out that he has no personal motive for suggesting this plan, since he has no children to sell himself and his wife is past child-bearing. The purpose of both the bathos and the irony is to maintain a mild, matter-of-fact tone so at variance with the horror of the subject under discussion that the incongruity increases the grisliness of the suggestion. Swift's cool irony is far more effective in making his point than the most savage indignation.

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