Anthologies

Ellmann, Richard, and Feidelson, Charles, Jr., eds. The Modern Tradition: Backgrounds of Modern Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965, 953 p.

Presents thematic arrangement of writings by novelists, dramatists, poets, artists, and philosophers.

Bibliographies

Davies, Alistair. An Annotated Critical Bibliography of Modernism. Totowa, N.J.: Barnes & Noble Books, 1982, 261 p.

Includes books and essays discussing the origins, development, techniques, and cultural context of literary Modernism, and provides comprehensive individual bibliographies on such figures as W. B. Yeats, Wyndham Lewis, D. H. Lawrence, and T. S. Eliot.

Secondary Sources

Bergonzi, Bernard. "The Advent of Modernism, 1900-1920." In The Twentieth Century, edited by Bernard Bergonzi, pp. 17-45. London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1970.

Traces the origins and delineates prominent traits of Modernism in English literature.

Craig, David. "Loneliness and Anarchy: Aspects of Modernism." In The Real Foundations: Literature and Social Change, pp. 171-94. London: Oxford University Press, 1973.

Craig decries expressions of loneliness and anarchy in Modernist literature.

Dettmar, Kevin J. H., ed. Rereading the New: A Backward Glance at Modernism. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992, 385 p.

Contains thematically arranged essays that consider the origins of Modernism, Modernist aesthetics, and the relationship of Modernism to popular culture, and offers postmodern assessments of such significant Modernist texts as Ulysses, Heart of Darkness, and To the Lighthouse.

Eysteinsson, Astradur. The Concept of Modernism. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1990, 265 p.

Examines several theories of literary Modernism, traces Modernism in literary history, and views Modernism in the context of postmodernism and avant-garde aesthetics.

Faulkner, Peter. Modernism. London: Methuen & Co., 1977, 86 p.

Outlines the development of Modernism and focuses on its flourishing from 1910 to 1930 through specific examinations of T. S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, Ezra Pound, James Joyce, and D. H. Lawrence.

Fraser, John. "Leavis, Winters, and 'Tradition'." Southern Review 7, No. 4 (Fall 1971): 963-85.

Defends the critical positions of F. R. Leavis and Yvor Winters who rejected modernist writings that disavowed traditional beliefs and ideas.

Garvin, Harry R., ed. Bucknell Review, Special Issue: Romanticism, Modernism, Postmodernism. Lewisburg, Pa.: Bucknell University Press, 1980, 193 p.

Contains "Virginia Woolf and Romantic Prometheanism," an essay by L. J. Swingle discussing Virginia Woolf s concept of gaining freedom through artistic creation, and "Defamiliarization, Reflexive Reference, and Modernism," by Donald R. Riccomini.

Giles, Steve, ed. Theorizing Modernism: Essays in Critical Theory. London: Routledge, 1993, 190 p.

Reconsiders Modernism in the context of current critical theory and the dominance of postmodernism in contemporary literature. Contributors to the volume include Richard Sheppard, Bernard McGuirk, David Wragg, Mike Johnson, and Steve Giles.

Hamilton, Alastair. "England." In his The Appeal of Fascism: A Study of Intellectuals and Fascism, 1919-1945, pp. 257-90. New York: Macmillan, 1971.

Documents the responses of British writers and intellectuals to the rise of Fascism in Europe during the 1930s.

Head, Dominic. The Modernist Short Story: A Study in Theory and Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992, 241 p.

Identifies the short story as "a quintessentially modernist form" through an examination of works by James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Katherine Mansfield, Wyndham Lewis, and Malcolm Lowry.

Hoffman, Michael J., and Murphy, Patrick D., eds. Critical Essays on American Modernism. New York: G. K. Hall & Co., 1992, 274 p.

Includes manifestos, theoretical statements, and critical assessments by practitioners of literary Modernism and their contemporaries as well as retrospective analyses of the movement by modern academic critics.

Howe, Irving. "The Culture of Modernism." In his Decline of the New, pp. 3-33. New York: Victor Gollancz, 1971.

Howe identifies major characteristics and underlying principles of Modernism and observes how these relate more generally to modern culture.

Kenner, Hugh. A Homemade World: The American Modernist Writers. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975, 221 p.

Discusses the impact of modernist experimentation on American novels and poetry.

Kiely, Robert, ed. Modernism Reconsidered. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983, 264 p.

Contains essays focusing on authors outside the front ranks of Modernism and on the lesser known works of major writers of the movement.

Levenson, Michael H. A Genealogy of Modernism: A Study of English Literary Doctrine, 1908-1922. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984, 250 p.

Traces the development of modernist literary doctrine in England from the time Ezra Pound arrived in London in 1908 to 1922, when T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land, James Joyce's Ulysses, and W. B. Yeats's Later Poems were published.

Lukács, Georg. "The Ideology of Modernism." In his The Meaning of Contemporary Realism, translated by John and Necke Mander, pp. 17-46. London: Merlin Press, 1963.

Marxist indictment of Modernism, concluding that "modernism leads not only to the destruction of traditional literary forms; it leads to the destruction of literature as such."

Mellard, James M. The Exploded Form: The Modernist Novel in America. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1980, 206 p.

Identifies three developmental phases of the modern novel in American literature: naive—exemplified by William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury, critical—represented by Joseph Heller's Catch-22, and sophisticated—epitomized by Richard Brautigan's Trout Fishing in America.

Mitchell, Roger. "Modernism Comes to American Poetry: 1908-1920." In Twentieth-Century American Poetry, pp. 25-53. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991.

Studies the introduction of Modernist themes and techniques into American poetry.

Raleigh, John Henry. "Victorian Morals and the Modern Novel." In his Time, Place, and Idea: Essays on the Novel, pp. 137-63. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1968.

Discusses the disparity between the strict moral code of the Victorian middleclass with the liberal social standards of the high and low classes of the time and traces two separate traditions that developed out of the great Victorian novel: the Butler-Forster-Lawrence line, emerging from the extremes and the Eliot-James-Conrad-Woolf-Joyce line, representing middle-class consciousness.

Ryan, Judith. The Vanishing Subject: Early Psychology and Literary Modernism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991, 267 p.

Examines the importance of pre-Freudian psychology on the development of literary Modernism.

Sherry, Vincent. Ezra Pound, Wyndham Lewis, and Radical Modernism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, 228 p.

Attempts to reconcile the avant-garde aesthetics of such literary modernists as Ezra Pound and Wyndham Lewis with their reactionary social ideologies.

Spears, Monroe K. Dionysus and the City: Modernism in Twentieth-Century Poetry. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970, 278 p.

Traces the development of Modernism in poetry from W. B. Yeats, Ezra Pound, and T. S. Eliot, through the Fugitive poets and the development of New Criticism, to Robert Lowell, Ted Hughes, and James Dickey in the 1950s.

Spender, Stephen. The Struggle of the Modern. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1963, 266 p.

Defines fundamental qualities of Modernism in art and literature, distinguishes modernists from contemporary writers who did not pursue modernist aims in their works, and provides a context for Modernism within the development of literature since the Romantics.

Stead, C. K. The New Poetic: Yeats to Eliot. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1966, 198 p.

Focuses on the origins and development of English modernist poetry, offering both general discussion of British poetry from 1909 to 1916 and individual investigation of the works of W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot.

Trilling, Lionel. "On the Teaching of Modern Literature." In his Beyond Culture: Essays on Literature and Learning, pp. 3-27. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1965.

Calls attention to "a particular theme of modern literature which appears so frequently and with so much authority that it may be said to constitute one of the shaping and controlling ideas of our epoch.… the disenchantment of our culture with culture itself."

Weiss, Theodore. "The Many-Sidedness of Modernism." In his The Man from Porlock: Engagements, 1944-1981, pp. 131-44. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.

Favorable review of M. L. Rosenthal's Sailing into the Unknown: Yeats, Pound, and Eliot that first appeared in the Times Literary Supplement in February 1980.