Discussion Topic

The fairness of the characters' outcomes in "The Miller's Tale" from The Canterbury Tales

Summary:

The outcomes of the characters in "The Miller's Tale" from The Canterbury Tales are largely considered fair. Each character receives a fitting consequence for their actions: Nicholas is burned, Absolon is humiliated, and John is ridiculed. These outcomes reflect the tale's theme of poetic justice, where each character's behavior directly leads to their respective fate.

Expert Answers

An illustration of the letter 'A' in a speech bubbles

Based on "The Miller's Tale" from The Canterbury Tales, do the characters deserve their final outcomes?

In Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, every pilgrim is expected to tell a tale each night after dinner in order to pass the time. "The Miller's Tale" is a bawdy (vulgar) tale about a jealous carpenter with a young wife, Alison. She is sleeping with Nicholas, a learned man rooming...

Unlock
This Answer Now

Start your 48-hour free trial and get ahead in class. Boost your grades with access to expert answers and top-tier study guides. Thousands of students are already mastering their assignments—don't miss out. Cancel anytime.

Get 48 Hours Free Access

with them. Absalom (the parish clerk) isbesotted with Alison as well.

Nicholas hatches a plan to make the carpenter (John) believe that a flood is coming, such as the one in Noah's time:

...come Monday next, at nine of night,

Shall fall a rain so wildly mad as would

Have been, by half, greater than Noah’s flood. (329-331)

In telling John this, Nicholas plans that Alison and he can spend time together while John lies in one of the three tubs he has "hung them near the roof," suspended from the beams. There Nicholas instructs John to pray silently...and eventually falls asleep.

Meanwhile, Absalom arrives at the carpenter's house (the night John climbs into the suspended tub) believing John is away—in order to woo Alison. She is, of course, in Nicholas' company (and detests Absalom). She decides to play a nasty trick. Promising to kiss him (and the night is as dark as "pitch"), she sticks her bare bottom out the window and he kisses her "arse." She thinks this is funny, and she and Nicholas loudly laugh:

...cried clever Nicholas,

“Now by God’s corpus, this goes fair and well!”

This hapless Absalom, he heard that yell... (555-557)

Absalom leaves and goes to the blacksmith to borrow a "red-hot coulter" (a plowing blade that has been sitting in the fire); he carries it back to Alison and calls for another kiss. This time Nicholas sticks his bottom out the window thinking it a great joke, but Absalom is ready for him and hits his "arse" with the glowing hot metal of the coulter, branding his hind parts. In agony, Nicholas cries for water in a loud voice, that wakes John...

Hearing that “Water!” cried as madman would,

And thought, “Alas, now comes down [Noah's] flood!”

[John] struggled up without another word

And with his axe he cut in two the cord,

And down went all... (631-635)

When John cuts the "cord" with his axe, the tub falls down, ultimately resting on the ground. He has broken his arm, but is also further embarrassed when Nicholas and Alison cry for the neighbors to come and then pretend that John is crazy, obsessed with a belief that a "second Flood" is coming. Of course, no one believes John, and it seems obvious that he has been cuckolded.

In deciding if John deserves his fate, we should look to the era in which the story was written. Chaucer writes in the tale:

A man should wed according to estate,

For youth and age are often in debate. (43-44)

In essence, Chaucer (speaking through the Miller) notes that a man should marry as is appropriate to his age—failing to do so may create problems. From this standpoint, John gets what he deserves.

Nicholas has slept with another man's wife. Getting branded on the bottom seems well-deserved, first for having betrayed the trust of his landlord, and second, for thinking too well of himself.

Absalom is after what Nicholas has already won; his disgust at being so rudely used by the lovers seems a light penalty.

Only Alison escapes punishment. The Miller does not seem to think she deserves any. The Miller, however, is not telling a tale of morality. He...

...is an uncouth, unmannered and disgusting lower-class citizen… [but] a product and a true representation of the society he lives in.

Last Updated on
An illustration of the letter 'A' in a speech bubbles

In "The Miller's Tale" from The Canterbury Tales, do characters get their due?

It would be difficult to conclude that all of the characters in Chaucer’s The Miller’s Tale “get what’s coming to them.”  Certainly, the two suitors for the carpenter’s wife, Alison, pay a price, although the price paid by Nicholas is certainly more severe than that endured by Absalon.  The former is painfully branded in the buttocks by the latter, although Absalon’s target was, apparently, Alison.  Absalon, in contrast, is merely mildly humiliated when he finds himself planting his lips not on the beautiful young Alison’s lips, but on her buttocks (presumably, his lips made contact with Alison’s anus, as there is little reason otherwise for his horrified response to the encounter).  So these two men are both penalized in some manner for their indiscretions.  Alison's husband John, however, suffers the most of all of the characters.  He not only suffers a broken arm when the tub in which he is sleeping while hanging from the roof of the barn falls to the ground, but is humiliated before the entire village because of the ruse perpetrated against him by Nicholas and Alison (i.e., God is about to cause a flood that will make the one the Biblical figure of Noah endured seem minor in comparison).  The miller, in telling his tale, summarizes the situation as follows:

No matter what the carpenter insisted,

It was for naught, his reasons were resisted.

With such great oaths the fellow was put down,            

He was considered mad throughout the town;

Each learned man agreed with every other,

Saying, "The man is mad, beloved brother,"

And everyone just laughed at all his strife.

So she was screwed, the carpenter's young wife,           

Despite all jealous safeguards he could try;

And Absalon has kissed her nether eye,

And Nicholas is scalded in the rear.

This tale is done, God save all who are here!

So, John pays a serious price despite being the sole victim, while Alison, alone among the characters, pays no price whatsoever despite her role in the chain of events that result in her husband’s injury and humiliation.  Both Nicholas and Absalon, as noted, "get what’s coming to them," but Nicholas’ branding is considerably more long-lasting than Absalon’s relatively minor embarrassment.  John does not "get what’s coming," as he is an innocent, if naïve, victim of the machinations of the others. 

Last Updated on