CRITICISM

Baker, Armand F. “The God of Miguel de Unamuno.” Hispania 74, no. 4 (December 1991): 824-33.

Considers the contradictions inherent in Unamuno's rejection of the doctrine of pantheism, arguing that Unamuno's writings suggest he embraced a doctrine of “panentheism”—a belief that the world is “in God” and that God is both immanent and transcendent.

Batchelor, R. “Form and Content in Unamuno's Niebla.” Forum for Modern Language Studies 8, no. 3 (July 1972): 197-214.

Addresses Unamuno's craftsmanship as a novelist in Niebla.

Blanco Aguinaga, Carlos. “Unamuno's Niebla: Existence and the Game of Fiction.” MLN 79, no. 2 (March 1964): 188-205.

Examines the relationships among paradox, existence, and narrative in Unamuno's Niebla.

Bretz, Mary Lee. “The Role of Negativity in Unamuno's La tia Tula.” Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispanicos 28, no. 1 (autumn 1993): 17-30.

A thoughtful analysis of gender configurations and relations through rejection or negation of social norms in Unamuno's La tia Tula.

Butt, J. W. “Determinism and the Inadequacies of Unamuno's Radicalism, 1886-97.” Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 46, no. 3 (July 1969): 226-40.

Draws upon Unamuno's late nineteenth-century writings—including En torno al casticismo and contributions to political journals—to argue that Unamuno's underlying political philosophy favored evolutionary over planned social change.

Butt, John. “Unamuno's Socialism: A Reappraisal.” In Re-Reading Unamuno, edited by Nicholas G. Rounds, pp. 1-18. Glasgow, Scotland: University of Glasgow Department of Hispanic Studies Department, 1989.

Examines the weakness and inconsistency of Unamuno's Socialist theory, and concludes that Unamuno's writings favored the liberal ideals of change, modernization and internalization rather than the radical concept of revolution.

Callaghan, David. “Early Reception of Miguel de Unamuno in England, 1907-1939.” Modern Language Review 91, part 2 (April 1996): 382-92.

Analyzes early British response to Unamuno's essays and fiction.

Carey, Douglas M., and Phillip G. Williams. “Religious Confession as Perspective and Mediation in Unamuno's San Manuel Bueno, Martir.” MLN 91, no. 2 (March 1976): 292-310.

An examination of the confessional mode of narrative in Unamuno's novel.

Cate-Arries, Francie. “Cómo se hace una novela: Reading, Writing and Being (Fed) by Miguel de Unamuno.” Romance Notes 27, no. 3 (spring 1987): 199-204.

A brief exposition of the interconnectedness of language and being in Unamuno's Cómo se hace una novela.

Collins, Marsha S. “Orfeo and the Cratyline Conspiracy in Unamuno's Niebla.” Bulletin of Spanish Studies 79, nos. 2-3 (March-May 2002): 285-306.

Essay examining Unamuno's use of the Orfeo legend and the significance of doubling in Niebla.

Durand, Frank. “Search for Reality in Nada Menos que Todo un Hombre.” MLN 84, no. 2 (March 1969): 239-47.

A scholarly analysis of the relationship between language and reality in Nada menos que todo un hombre.

Earle, Peter G. “Unamuno: historia and intrahistoria.” In Spanish Thought and Letters in the Twentieth Century, edited by German Bleiburg and E. Inman Fox, pp. 179-86. Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press, 1966.

Examines history and national identity in several works by Unamuno.

Fiddian, Robin. “Under Spanish Eyes: Late Nineteenth-Century Postcolonial Views of Spanish American Literature.” Modern Language Review 97, no. 1 (January 2002): 83-93.

Considers how La Generacion del '98—including Unamuno—responded to the literature of former Spanish colonies.

Foster, David Wallace. “The ‘Belle Dame Sans Merci’ in the Fiction of Miguel de Unamuno.” Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Foreign Literatures 20, no. 4 (winter 1966): 321-28.

Traces the Keatsian figure of the Fatal Woman in several works by Unamuno, including La tia Tula, Niebla, and Tres novellas ejemplares y un prologo.

Franz, Thomas R. “Humor in Unamuno's ‘Paz en la guerra’.” Horizontes: Revista de la Universidad Catolica de Puerto Rico 15, no. 30 (April 1972): 91-108.

Argues that the role of humor in Unamuno's realist novel is underappreciated.

———. “The Discourse of Class in Niebla.” Revista de Estudios Hispanicos 29, no. 3 (October 1995): 521-39.

Argues that although Unamuno's work is not overtly concerned with class, Unamuno's preoccupations with metaphysics and metanarrative implicitly expose class conflict.

———. “Unamuno's Contributions to the Stream-of-Consciousness Narrative.” Hispanofila 117 (May 1996): 55-62.

Builds on a previous essay by Vande Berg to argue that, like Amor y pedagogia, Paz en la guerra also employs the stream of consciousness technique first described by William James.

Friedman, Edward R. “Guerillas in the Mist: Inscription and Mediation in Unamuno's Niebla.” In RLA: Romance Languages Annual, edited by Jeanette Beer, Charles Ganlin and Anthony Julian Tamburri, pp. 442-45. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue Research Foundation, 1992.

Brief essay compares the structure of Niebla to David Lodge's 1984 novel, Small World and Woody Allen's 1985 film, The Purple Rose of Cairo.

Gagen, Derek. “Unamuno and the Regeneration of the Spanish Theatre.” In Re-Reading Unamuno, edited by Nicholas G. Rounds, pp. 53-79. Glasgow, Scotland: University of Glasgow Department of Hispanic Studies, 1989.

An overview of Unamuno's contributions to Spanish theater at the turn of the century.

Gordon, M. “The Elusive Self: Narrative Method and Its Implications in San Manuel Bueno, mártir.” Hispanic Review 54, no. 2 (spring 1986): 147-161.

Essay discusses the ways in which narrative constructs identity in Unamuno's San Manuel Bueno, martir.

Hynes, Laura. “La Tia Tula: Forerunner of Radical Feminism.” Hispanofila 117 (May 1996): 45-54.

Argues that Unamuno's characterization of Tula in La tia Tula anticipates radical feminism.

Ilie, Paul. “Language and Cognition in Unamuno.” Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispanicos 11, no. 2 (summer 1987): 289-314.

Philosophical essay analyzes the relationship between knowledge and its linguistic signifiers, as well as the inadequacy of language to articulate thought in the works of Unamuno.

Jurkevich, Gayana. “Archetypal Motifs of the Double in Unamuno's Abel Sanchez.” Hispania 73, no. 2 (May 1990): 345-52.

An analysis of psychological dualism in Unamuno's novella.

———. “Unamuno's Anecdotal Digressions: Practical Joking and Narrative Structure in Niebla.” Revista Hispanica Moderna 45, no. 1 (June 1992): 3-14.

Examines the ways in which Unamuno's digressions supplement and undermine the central narrative of Niebla.

Lacy, Allen. “Censorship and Como se hace una novella.” Hispanic Review 34, no. 4 (October 1966): 317-25.

A side-by-side comparison of the censored 1927 and complete 1961 editions of Unamuno's extended essay, Como se hace una novella.

Marcone, Rose Marie. “Unamuno's Impostors: An Approach to the ‘Nivolas’.” Neophilologus 71, no. 1 (January 1987): 66-77.

Examines imposters, or doubles, in San Manuel Bueno, martir, Nada menos que todo un hombre, and Abel Sanchez.

———. “An Approach to Unamuno's Cuentos.” Neophilologus 78, no. 1 (January 1994): 73-8.

Discusses Unamuno's Cuentos, or brief sketches, and the importance of considering the Cuentos in understanding his more developed stories and novellas.

Mermall, Thomas. “The Chiasmus: Unamuno's Master Trope.” PMLA. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 105, no. 2 (March 1990): 245-55.

Notes that all of Unamuno's fiction and essays use chiasmus—a syntactical structure that creates paradox by repeating a phrase in reverse order so that the relations between the same of similar words yield a wide range of semantic possibilities.

Newton, Nancy. “Playing with Unamunian Paper Birds.” In Self-Conscious Art: A Tribute to John W. Kronik, edited by Susan L. Fischer, pp. 42-53. Lewisburg, Penn.: Bucknell University Press, 1996.

An examination of creativity and the metaphorical uses of origami in Unamuno's Amor y pedagogia.

Nozick, Martin. “Unamuno and the Second Spanish Republic.” In Spanish Thought and Letters in the Twentieth Century, edited by German Bleiberg and E. Inman Fox, pp. 379-93. Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press, 1966.

Discusses Unamuno's political development between 1914 and the founding of the Spanish Republic.

Olson, Paul R. “The Novelistic Logos in Unamuno's Amor Y Pedagogia.” MLN 84, no. 2 (March 1969): 248-68.

An exploration of narrative in Unamuno's novel.

———. “Unamuno's Break With the Nineteenth Century: Invention of the Nivola and the Linguistic Turn.” MLN 102, no. 2 (March 1987): 303-15.

Situates Unamuno as a self-consciously modernist writer at the turn of the century.

Perez, Janet. “Rereading Amor y pedagogia: Unamuno as Baroque Stylist, Comic Satirist and Anti-Machista.” Letras Peninsulares (spring 1996): 49-66.

Argues for the significance of satire in such works as Amor y pedagogia and Niebla.

Resina, Joan Ramon. “Cervantes's Confidence Games and the Refashioning of Totality.” MLN 111, no. 2 (March 1996): 218-53.

Includes a discussion of Unamuno's Vida de Don Quijote y Sancho in a larger discussion of “Don Quixote” literature.

Ribbans, Geoffrey. “‘Indigesto, mezquino, pedestre, confuso’: A Hostile Contemporary Critique of Unamuno's Poesias (1907).” Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispanicos 21, no. 1 (autumn 1996): 203-16.

A summary of early hostile reception to Unamuno's 1907 Poesias.

Round, Nicholas G. “Some Preliminary Thoughts on the Unamunian Speech Act.” Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispanicos 21, no. 1 (autumn 1996): 217-36.

Draws upon linguistic and philosophical theories of speech acts as a way of understanding the relationship between narrative and existence in Unamuno.

Sherman, Jr., Alvin F. “Rereading Unamuno.” Critica Hispanica 21, nos. 1-2 (1999): 119-32.

Argues for a reconsideration of Unamuno's political writings.

Smith, Elizabeth Arrington Bruner. “(S)mothering in Miguel de Unamuno's ‘Dos Madres’: The Fatal Repercussions of the Nineteenth-Century Idealization of the Mother.” Hispanic Journal 20, no. 4 (fall 1999): 351-61.

An examination of the “idealized mother”/fatal woman dichotomy in Unamuno's writings, particularly Dos madres.

Strand, Cheryl M. “The Dialectical Treatment of Life and Death in Miguel de Unamuno's Poesias.” Anales dela Literatura Espanola Contemporanea/Annals of Contemporary Spanish Literature 16, nos. 1-2 (1991): 37-44.

A dialectical reading of major themes in Unamuno's poetry.

Summerhill, Stephen J. “Theory and Practice of the Novel in Unamuno: The Case of Dos Madres.” Revista Hispanica Moderna 45, no. 1 (June 1992): 15-34.

Reads Dos madres as a critical case study exemplifying Unamuno's theory of the novel.

———. “Freedom, the Invisible and the Sublime in Unamuno's La Esfinge.” Letras Peninsulares (fall-winter 2001-2002): 227-42.

A discussion of Unamuno's first theatrical work.

Tubert, Silvia. “Unbearable Alterity: Using Unamuno to Reconceptualize Envy.” Mosiac: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 30, no. 2 (June 1997): 19-36.

Psychoanalytic reading uses Abel Sanchez as a case study to discuss several psychological aspects of jealousy.

Ungerer, Gustav. “Unamuno and Shakespeare.” In Spanish Thought and Letters in the Twentieth Century, edited by German Bleiberg and E. Inman Fox, pp. 513-532. Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press, 1966.

Analysis of Shakespeare's influence on Unamuno and the use Unamuno makes of his Shakespearean sources.

Valdes, Mario. “Archetypes and Re-Creation: A Comparative Study of William Blake and Miguel de Unamuno.” University of Toronto Quarterly 40 (1970-1): 505-19.

Examines the influence of Blake on Unamuno's thought, as suggested by his diary, Cancionero.

———. “Requiem for Augusto Perez: Alterity, Alienation and Identity.” Revista de Estudios Hispanicos 29, no. 3 (October 1995): 505-19.

Uses discourse analysis to discuss alienation and identity in Niebla.

Varey, J. E. “Maese Miguel: Puppets as a Literary Theme in the Work of Unamuno.” In Spanish Thought and Letters in the Twentieth Century, edited by German Bleiberg and E. Inman Fox, pp. 559-572. Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press, 1966.

Discusses the role of the puppet theater in the European reaction against realism at the turn of the century, arguing that the theme of puppetry—with its deliberate intrusion of the author into the action of the story, the stress on fantasy, and the dehumanization of characters—greatly influenced the work of Unamuno.

Weber, Frances W. “Unamuno's Nieble: From Novel to Dream.” PMLA 88, no. 2 (March 1973): 209-18.

A thematic analysis of the narrative structure of Niebla.

Additional coverage of Unamuno's life and career is contained in the following sources published by the Gale Group: Contemporary Authors, Vols. 104, 131; Contemporary Authors New Revision Series, Vol. 81; Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 108; DISCovering Authors Modules: Multicultural Authors and Novelists; Encyclopedia of World Literature in the 20th Century, Ed. 3; European Writers, Vol. 8; Hispanic Literature Criticism, Ed. 2; Hispanic Writers, Eds. 1, 2; Major 20th-Century Writers, Eds. 1, 2; Reference Guide to Short Fiction, Ed. 2; Reference Guide to World Literature, Eds. 2, 3; Short Story Criticism, Vol. 11; Twayne's World Authors; and Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, Vols. 2, 9.