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A Midsummer Night's Dream

by William Shakespeare

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Oberon's Character and Role in A Midsummer Night's Dream

Summary:

In A Midsummer Night's Dream, Oberon, the King of the Fairies, is depicted as manipulative, jealous, and powerful. He orchestrates emotional manipulations for selfish gains, such as using a love potion to control Titania and influence the human lovers, showcasing his devious nature. Despite his negative traits, he is also shown to be sympathetic to humans, ultimately restoring harmony. Oberon is not an Athenian aristocrat but a fairy character created by Shakespeare to reflect Elizabethan society.

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What textual references from Act 2, Scene 2 of A Midsummer Night's Dream reveal a nasty aspect to Oberon's character?

A various points in A Midsummer Night's Dream, Oberon shows himself to be a rather unpleasant character, to say the least. What's particularly unpleasant about him is that he's prepared to manipulate others' emotions to get what he wants. So selfish and inconsiderate is he that he doesn't stop to consider the consequences of such actions. All he cares about it himself and his own needs.

A classic example of this attitude comes in act 2, scene 2, where Oberon instructs the mischievous Puck to sprinkle the juice from a flower over the eyes of Demetrius, so that he will love Helena as much as she loved him. The juice will act as a love potion so that when the youth wakes up, he will fall head-over-heels in love with Helena.

In the event, Puck accidentally sprinkles the love potion over the eyes of Lysander, who falls in love...

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with Helena as soon as he wakes up. But the main point here is not the comedy of errors that ensues from all this sprinkling, but the devious and manipulative attitude behind it.

Oberon, as King of the Fairies, thinks he has the right to play around with other people's emotions, to treat them like pawns in a game of chess that he's playing with his queen, Titania. There's something decidedly unpleasant in all of this, not to say nasty.

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What are three personality traits of Oberon in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream?

In a Midsummer Night's Dream, Oberon is the King of the fairies, who is able to disguise himself as a human being. In some ways he bridges the world of humans and the fairy world.

Oberon's Personality Traits

  • Jealous husband/lover

When he first appears in the play in Act II, Oberon, who is married to Titiana, engages in a love quarrel with her much like that of human beings as they resurrect old infidelities. When he first sees his wife, Titiana declares that she will no longer share her bed with him. 

TITA. What, jealous Oberon?—Fairies, skip hence.
I have forsworn his bed and company. 
OBE. Tarry, rash wanton, am I not thy lord? (2.1.47-49)
Enraged, Oberon demands his rights as a husband. But, the real reason for his jealousy is the fight over the changeling boy that Titiana holds because he wants the boy for his own. Titania refuses, insisting that she was friends with the human mother who died giving birth to the boy. Angered, Oberon devises a plan to capture the child: He sends Puck to search for a certain flower that has juices which makes people fall in love with the next creature they see after it is sprinkled on them. While Titania is under the spell, Oberon plans to steal the changeling by 
streak[ing] her eyes" with magic juice "and make her full of hateful fantasies" (2.1.257-58). 
After Titania is treated with this magical flower, she awakens and finds Bottom, whose head has been changed to that of a donkey because of the mischief of Puck; then, instantly, she falls in love with him. While Oberon has not intended this situation to occur, he has hoped that Titania will wake and fall in love with "some vile thing" (3.2.34).
  • Power-hungry and selfishly destructive
The power struggles between Oberon and Titania are so violent that they have caused great disruptions in the weather. Titania chides him for his selfishness which has effected great seasonal changes and harm to cattle and sheep:
But with thy brawls thou hast disturbed our sport.
Therefore the winds, piping to us in vain,
As in revenge, have sucked up from the sea
Contagious fogs, which falling in the land
Have every pelting river made so proud
That they have overborne their continents. (2.1.72-77)
  • Sympathetic to the human lovers
After having sent Puck to find the flower that will make Titania fall in love with the first creature she sees when she awakens, Oberon observes Helena in pursuit of Demetrius, who cruelly dismisses her. The fairy king decides to use the same flower Puck finds for Titania to help Helena. He instructs Puck to search for a man who wears Athenian garments (meaning Demetrius) and sprinkle this man with the flower. However, Puck mistakenly anoints Lysander's eyes. So, the world of the humans becomes as confused as that of the fairies.
Nevertheless, Oberon finally manages to set things right as he ensures that the proper lovers are paired with each other. He has Demetrius remain in love with Helena, and he ensures that Lysander forgets about what has occurred with Helena, believing it was all a dream. As a result, Lysander's love is again directed toward Hermia.
Oberon also fixes things in the fairy world by removing the spell from Titania, although he steals the changeling boy before doing so and then removing "the imperfection from her eyes" regarding Bottom. 
But first I will release the fairy queen.
Be as thou wast wont to be;
See as thou wast wont to see:....
Now, my Titania; wake you, my sweet queen. (4.1.55-58)
Truly, Oberon is a complex character as he seems to have two sides. On the one hand, he is the jealous, demanding husband and a selfish being who does not care that he has disturbed the weather with all his marital quarrels and jealousies; on the other hand, he is romantic and concerned about the human beings, ensuring that Helena captures Demetrius and the other humans are paired as they should be.
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How is Oberon described in A Midsummer Night's Dream?

Titania describes Oberon as "jealous," and as an argumentative "brawl[er]" whose fights with her disturb the fairy dances and the weather, raising up winds and fogs:

with thy brawls thou hast disturbed our sport.
Therefore the winds, piping to us in vain,
As in revenge, have sucked up from the sea
Contagious fogs
When Titania states at the end of this speech that they are both responsible for the bad weather due to their quarreling, Oberon presses the point that she should give him the Indian boy because, as he earlier said, he is her "master."
Puck warns the fairies to be careful of Oberon because he is "wrath" or furious over not getting the Indian boy. In one of the many vivid images in the play, Puck describes how intimidating Oberon can be when angry:
all their elves for fear
Creep into acorn-cups and hide them there.
Oberon is often depicted as a fearsome, powerful figure in stage versions of the play, a being whose appearance causes all around him tremble. However, in the text of the play, Titania appears to match him word for word and to be unafraid of him. But for all her courage, Oberon comes across in the text as a person who gets what he wants.
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Is Oberon an Athenian aristocrat in A Midsummer Night's Dream?

Oberon is the King of the Fairies and lives outside the Athens world created by Shakespeare.  You should know that Shakespeare gave this play's city scenes a classical Greek setting and drew on classical source material, but its characters are drawn from a purely Elizabethan time and place.

Although Shakespeare changed some of the common assumptions about Fairies (and the society of his day did, for the most part, believe that faires were actual real beings), he draws heavily on the beliefs of his day.  I suspect that, though they saw the world as being influenced by a number of gods living on Mount Olympus, the ancient Greeks did not believe in fairies, per se.

It was quite common for Shakespeare to take an ancient or exotic setting and/or source material for one of his plays and then simply create characters and situations that were drawn completely from his Elizabethan world.  Shakespeare was not interested in creating historically accurate characters or locations, but rather holding the mirror up to his audience, so that they might see themselves reflected in the behaviour of the characters they watched onstage.

So, Oberon is not an Athenian aristocrat, he's a Fairy.  He may indeed be royalty (He is the King.), but he's not Athenian in any way.   For that matter, one would be hard pressed to find much beyond the names of the actual aristocrats in this play -- Theseus and Hippolyta -- that bears any significant relationship to ancient Greek/Athenian behaviours.  They hunt and have a wedding feast with a play for entertainment -- common past-times for upper class Elizabethan England.

Shakespeare creates the characters in Midsummer (including Oberon) as he does for all of his plays, from his experience of life as he knows it.

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