illustration of a giant insect with the outline of a man in a suit standing within the confines of the insect

The Metamorphosis

by Franz Kafka

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Student Question

Why is The Metamorphosis considered universal?

Quick answer:

The universality of "The Metamorphosis" stems from its exploration of themes like alienation and insignificance that resonate with many people. Gregor Samsa's transformation into an insect symbolizes feelings of being unappreciated and disregarded, as he was already treated poorly by his family before his metamorphosis. His desire to please and self-sacrifice are traits many can relate to, making the story's themes of human nature and social isolation universally understandable.

Expert Answers

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I would imagine that while no one has ever actually turned into a bug and a rare few might have imagined they did, everyone has felt like Gregor at some point in his or her life.  Gregor is a bug now, but he was acting like a bug and was being treated like a bug long before his metamorphosis on page 1 of the novella.  Gregor is an insignificant worker bug for his family.  He is unappreciated and disregarded even though he is solely supporting the family financially.  Once be becomes an actual bug, he is treated with all of the horror and disdain humans have for most bugs.  The family is disgusted by him and does as little as possible to help him.  They eventually just want him gone, just as most people will eventually call an exterminator to get rid of pests, so this family feels.  It is the maid who ultimately gets rid of his dead body -- the family is removed from the reality of Gregor in the end of the story. Most people can relate, if only on a small level, to feeling unimportant, insignificant, and a nuisance to those around them.  Gregor's wanting to please and sense of self-sacrifice are also aspects of his personality that are universal.  It is human nature for most everyone to want to live his best life and do the right things for the right reasons.  People can see those admirable qualities in Gregor. The story is universal on many thematic levels.

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