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The Merchant of Venice

by William Shakespeare

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Who is the title character of The Merchant of Venice?

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The Merchant of Venice is a drama written by William Shakespeare. The play focuses on Antonio, a wealthy merchant, and his friendship with Bassanio. Bassanio asks Antonio for three thousand ducats in order to pursue the hand of Portia in marriage. However, Antonio does not have the money readily available to lend. Therefore, he goes to a man named Shylock for the loan; Shylock agrees to give him what he needs provided that if he cannot pay back the loan within three months, then Antonio must surrender a pound of his own flesh.

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The Merchant of Venice is named Antonio, a prominant figure in Italy and a honest, upstanding citizen. His role in the play is major, as he wishes to help his bankrupt friend Bassanio with the money needed to woo a wealthy heiress, Portia. However, Antonio has no liquid capital, and so he secures a loan from the money-lender Shylock, leaving the infamous "pound of flesh" listed as security. Antonio's subsequent monetary troubles drive the story as Shylock attempts to collect his due.

ANTONIO
I am as like to call thee so again,
To spit on thee again, to spurn thee too.
If thou wilt lend this money, lend it not
As to thy friends; for when did friendship take
A breed for barren metal of his friend?
But lend it rather to thine enemy,
Who, if he break, thou mayst with better face
Exact the penalty.
(Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, shakespeare.mit.edu)

This altruism on Antonio's part shows how deeply he values his true friendship with Bassanio, and his willingness to undergo harm shows how little he cares for his own concerns when others may suffer. Shylock's case against Antonio is overturned when Portia, in disguise, proclaims before the Duke's court that the stipulation was for flesh alone, not blood, and since he cannot have one without the other his claim is void. However, despite his almost-saintly patience and compassion, Antonio is not entirely "good," or morally ethical; even after winning the case, he uses the Duke to force Shylock into religious conversion in revenge for the emotional distress of the case.

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