The theme of heroism in "Medea" by Euripides is complex and multifaceted. The play challenges traditional notions of heroism by presenting characters who possess both heroic and villainous traits. Jason, traditionally seen as a hero due to his quest for the Golden Fleece, is depicted as a tragic hero whose hubris leads to his downfall. Medea, on the other hand, embodies a different kind of heroism, marked by strength and defiance against societal norms, yet her actions also reveal a darker, more villainous side.

Jason's role as a tragic hero is defined by his hubris, particularly his misogynistic attitude and ambition. His excessive pride blinds him to the consequences of his actions, such as abandoning Medea and their children to marry Glauce. This hubris is evident in his dismissive view of women:

JASON. Not thine own self would say it, couldst thou still
One hour thy jealous flesh.

Jason's tragic flaw leads to his reversal of fortune when Medea exacts her revenge, killing Glauce, Creon, and their children. His anagnorisis, or moment of realization, comes too late, leaving him with no family or future:

MEDEA.Thy broken vows, thy friends beguiled
Have shut for thee the ears of God.

Medea's heroism is more complex. She defies the expectations of women in ancient Greece, showing strength and independence. Her actions, such as defying her father and husband, have earned her a status as a feminist icon. However, her lack of emotional balance and extreme actions, like the murder of her children, complicate her heroism. Medea's intense emotions drive her to actions that are both heroic in their defiance and villainous in their brutality.

The play also questions Jason's traditional heroic status. While he led the Argonauts and retrieved the Golden Fleece, Medea's role in his success is significant, yet unacknowledged by Jason. Her actions were crucial in his quest, but her status as a "barbarian" and outsider diminishes her contributions in the eyes of the Corinthians. Jason's failure to recognize Medea's role and his decisions ultimately lead to the tragic events of the play, making him a less sympathetic figure.