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What are similarities and differences between Medea and traditional ancient Greek women?

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Medea is a complex character in that she shares many similarities and differences with other Ancient Greek women of the time period. It should be noted that although Medea is technically set in Corinth during the mythical Heroic Age, it was written by Euripides in Classical Athens and therefore is primarily reflective of the Classical Athenian view on the role of women. And indeed, the role of women in Classical Athens was almost non-existent. Noble women were expected to live their lives largely confined to the home, were politically 'non-entities' (meaning they could not own property, file for divorce, or instigate any legal proceeding), and in some cases slept and ate separately from their male counterparts. In many ways, Medea reflects the limited role of women through its setting and chorus. Medea is similar to other Greek women in that she is largely confined to her own home, and the setting of the play outside Medea's and Jason's house exemplifies this lack of mobility. Similarly, having a chorus comprised of Corinthian women (the chorus in Greek drama is almost always exclusively male) allows the chorus to connect and empathize with Medea on a feminine level. However, Medea is far from the model Athenian wife in that she not only criticizes and questions Jason's decision but openly flaunts and defies his will. Such rebellious and passionate behavior is completely antithetical to the Classical idea of femininity, which was largely comprised of virtuous moral values, dependence on a husband or father, and emotional impassivity. In all these ways, Medea is not only different from her Classical Athenian counterparts but challenges all of the preconceived notions that Medea's male audience would have had about who women were and what they were ultimately capable of.

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