In The Mayor of Casterbridge, more prominently than in some of Hardy’s other novels, the theme of inevitable fate is closely linked with another theme that might initially seem contradictory: the notion that personal character influences destiny. Every chance occurrence or unexpected event is paired with a decision. Henchard could have declined the furmity woman's rum but chose otherwise. Similarly, he could have rejected Newson’s proposition to purchase Susan, which would have required the bravery and integrity to admit that the offer was a drunken error.

Throughout the novel, circumstance and character engage in a conversation. Each scenario presents a question that Henchard must answer, and each response reveals his character and influences his future. Initially, Henchard has significant control over his destiny; he repeatedly has opportunities to prevent the curse from being uttered. However, after selling Susan, his choices lose their impact. A line has been crossed, a series of events initiated, and an action taken that all of Michael’s future efforts cannot undo. Although he makes many ethical decisions thereafter—such as abstaining from alcohol and "remarrying" Susan—Michael has lost control over his fate.

As the themes of inevitable fate and personal character are woven together throughout the novel, Hardy leaves it to the readers to interpret their relationship. However, based on Michael Henchard's fate, Hardy seems to suggest that each decision a person makes limits future options, and one poor choice can leave someone forever subject to indifferent fate. Michael Henchard is like a sailor in a storm who, due to a moment of carelessness, loses his grip on the ship’s wheel and can never regain control of his path.