illustration of a clockface wearing a mask and ticking closer to midnight

The Masque of the Red Death

by Edgar Allan Poe

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Student Question

What instances of figurative language, imagery, and repeated images through diction does Poe use in the following paragraph?

He had directed, in great part, the movable embellishments of the seven chambers, upon occasion of this great fête; and it was his own guiding taste which had given character to the masqueraders. Be sure they were grotesque. There were much glare and glitter and piquancy and phantasm—much of what has been since seen in "Hernani". There were arabesque figures with unsuited limbs and appointments. There were delirious fancies such as the madman fashions. There were much of the beautiful, much of the wanton, much of the bizarre, something of the terrible, and not a little of that which might have excited disgust. To and fro in the seven chambers there stalked, in fact, a multitude of dreams. And these—the dreams—writhed in and about taking hue from the rooms, and causing the wild music of the orchestra to seem as the echo of their steps. And, anon, there strikes the ebony clock which stands in the hall of the velvet. And then, for a moment, all is still, and all is silent save the voice of the clock. The dreams are stiff-frozen as they stand. But the echoes of the chime die away—they have endured but an instant—and a light, half-subdued laughter floats after them as they depart. And now again the music swells, and the dreams live, and writhe to and fro more merrily than ever, taking hue from the many tinted windows through which stream the rays from the tripods. But to the chamber which lies most westwardly of the seven, there are now none of the maskers who venture; for the night is waning away; and there flows a ruddier light through the blood-coloured panes; and the blackness of the sable drapery appals; and to him whose foot falls upon the sable carpet, there comes from the near clock of ebony a muffled peal more solemnly emphatic than any which reaches their ears who indulged in the more remote gaieties of the other apartments.

Quick answer:

Poe uses figurative language, including an allusion to Hugo's Hernani, to enhance imagery. Personification is evident in the clock, described as having a voice, and the masqueraders are compared to dreams through metaphor. Imagery is vivid, with descriptions of "glare and glitter," "blood-coloured panes," and the silent, ominous chimes of the clock. Repeated diction like "dreams," "grotesque," "disgust," "sable," and "ruddy" emphasizes unnaturalness and dread in the scene.

Expert Answers

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As for figurative language, Poe makes an allusion to the Victor Hugo play, Hernani, first performed in 1830, in order to enrich his own imagery by relying on the splendor associated with another famous production.  Poe also personifies the clock, giving it a voice, and thus making it seem more powerful and symbolic than we might otherwise consider it to be.  He also compares the masqueraders to living dreams via metaphor.  The personification of the clock continues when the narrator describes its chimes as dying.

In terms of imagery, the descriptions of the masqueraders allows us to visualize what the scene must look like.  They are all "glare and glitter and piquancy and phantasm" in one, "writhing" in and out of the various colored rooms, taking their own hue from the colors around them.  The description of the "ebony clock which stands in the hall of the velvet" is visual imagery as well, and auditory imagery is used to describe its chimes ringing out in the dead-silence that envelops the courtiers when the hour arrives: "all is still, and all is silent save the voice of the clock."  We get further visual imagery from the description of the light in the room where the clock is located: the ruddy light pours in through "blood-coloured panes," seeming to soak the whole room.

Poe repeats words such as "dreams" and well as descriptors that signal something strange (like "grotesque" and "disgust") to emphasize that what is happening in these rooms is simply not natural, and thus the mood is one of both anticipation and dread of the outcome.  These feelings are furthered by the repetition of words that mean black -- sable, ebony -- and red -- blood, ruddy -- making the mood that much more deadly and dreadful.

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