BIBLIOGRAPHY

Barry, James D. “Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell.” In Victorian Fiction: A Second Guide to Research, edited by George H. Ford, pp. 204-18. New York: Modern Language Association, 1978.

Provides a bibliographic guide to Gaskell's writings and to critical and biographical studies of the author.

BIOGRAPHY

Haldane, Elizabeth. Mrs. Gaskell and Her Friends. New York: D. Appleton, 1931, 318 p.

Studies Gaskell's friendships and her correspondence with various contemporaries.

CRITICISM

Beer, Gillian. “Carlyle and Mary Barton: Problems of Utterance.” In 1848: The Sociology of Literature, edited by Francis Barker, et al., pp. 242-55. Essex: University of Essex, 1978.

Examines Gaskell's Mary Barton and two works by Thomas Carlyle as attempts to convey to middle-class readers the experiences of the working class.

Chadwick, Mrs. Ellis H. Mrs. Gaskell: Haunts, Homes, and Stories. London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, 1910, 472 p.

Provides descriptions of the various geographical locations associated with Gaskell's life and the way those places were represented within her fiction.

Duthie, Enid L. “The Industrial Scene.” In The Themes of Elizabeth Gaskell, pp. 64-87. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1980.

Examines Gaskell's treatment of the effects of industrialization on England's poor.

Easson, Angus. “Mary Barton (1848) and North and South (1855): Industry and Individual.” In Elizabeth Gaskell, pp. 47-96. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979.

Discusses Gaskell's portrayal of the individual worker caught up in the changes brought about by rapid growth and industrialization in Manchester.

Felber, Lynette. “Gaskell's Industrial Idylls: Ideology and Formal Incongruence in Mary Barton and North and South.” CLIO 18, no. 1 (fall 1988): 55-72.

Praises Gaskell's novels as among the best of the British social protest literature that emerged after the depression of the 1830s.

Fryckstedt, Monica Correa. Elizabeth Gaskell's “Mary Barton” and “Ruth”: A Challenge to Christian England. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala University, 1982, 213 p.

Stresses the importance of Gaskell's religious background in the composition of Mary Barton and Ruth.

Graziano, Anne. “The Death of the Working-Class Hero in Mary Barton and Alton Locke.” JNT: Journal of Narrative Theory 29, no. 2 (spring 1999): 135-57.

Compares the final fate of John Barton in Gaskell's novel to that of the title character in Kingsley's Alton Locke.

Krueger, Christine L. “Witnessing Women: Trial Testimony in Novels by Tonna, Gaskell, and Eliot.” In Representing Women: Law, Literature, and Feminism, edited by Susan Sage Heinzelman and Zipporah Batshaw Wiseman, pp. 337-55. Durham: Duke University Press, 1994.

Analyzes trial scenes in Mary Barton and three other nineteenth-century women's novels.

Parker, Pamela Corpron. “Fictional Philanthropy in Elizabeth Gaskell's Mary Barton and North and South.” Victorian Literature and Culture 25, no. 2 (1997): 321-31.

Discusses the relationship between Gaskell's fiction and nineteenth-century charity work.

Smith, David. “Mary Barton and Hard Times: Their Social Insights.” Mosaic 5, no. 2 (winter 1972): 97-112.

Compares Gaskell's and Dickens's treatment of individual working-class characters.

Uglow, Jenny. “Exposure: Mary Barton.” In Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories, pp. 191-213. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1993.

Discusses Gaskell's handling of labor unrest and the growing rift between the rich and poor in her novel.

Wyke, Terry. “Authenticating the Text: A Footnote in Mary Barton.” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 80, no. 1 (spring 1998): 103-23.

Analyzes the footnotes in Mary Barton in an attempt to determine the way that Manchester and contemporary events within the town were used in the novel.

Additional coverage of Gaskell's life and career is contained in the following sources published by the Gale Group: British Writers, Vol. 5; Concise Dictionary of British Literary Biography, 1832-1890; Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vols. 21, 144, 159; DISCovering Authors: British Edition; DISCovering Authors Modules, Most-Studied Authors; Literature Resource Center; Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism, Vols. 5, 70, 97; Reference Guide to English Literature, Ed. 2; Reference Guide to Short Fiction, Ed. 2; Short Story Criticism, Vol. 25; and Twayne's English Authors.