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Macbeth's Tragic Flaws and Their Role in the Tragedy

Summary:

In Shakespeare's Macbeth, the tragedy is driven by Macbeth's tragic flaws, primarily his overpowering ambition, which leads him to commit regicide and subsequent atrocities. Initially, Macbeth's ambition is manipulated by Lady Macbeth, who questions his manhood, pushing him towards murder. As the play progresses, his gullibility and paranoia increase, especially regarding the witches' prophecies. Macbeth's inability to discern reality from manipulation, coupled with his unchecked ambition and arrogance, ultimately leads to his downfall, reflecting the classic tragic hero's journey.

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What is Macbeth's tragic flaw in Act 1?

In Act 1, Scene 7, Macbeth delivers a soliloquy in which he considers all of the reasons he has not to commit the murder of Duncan as well as the one reason he has to move forward with this crime. He says, "I have no spur / To prick the...

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sides of my intent, but only / Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself / And fall on th' other--" (1.7.25-28). So, while he has a great many reasons to justify not committing the murder, he has only one reason to go through with it: ambition. However, when LadyMacbeth enters the room, just at this moment, he immediately says to her, "We will proceed no further in this business" (1.7.34). Thus, it seems to me that ambition alone is not enough of a catalyst to prompt him to take action because almost as soon as he identifies it, he tries to cancel their plans.

It is only when Lady Macbeth wounds his pride, mocking his bravery and manhood, that he relents. She insists that, if he will not murder Duncan to take the throne, he will have to "live a coward in [his] own esteem," and that when he made the promise to her that they would proceed with their plan, "then [he was] a man" (1.7.47, 56). She implies that he is not a man if he breaks this promise and swears that she would be willing to kill her own child if she had promised him to do so. Thus, it is only when his pride is wounded that Macbeth finally commits fully to the plan to murder Duncan, and so I argue that pride is his true tragic flaw, not ambition.

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What are Macbeth's tragic flaws in Act 4?

In addition to retaining the ambition Macbeth described earlier in the play, the very first scene of Act Four seems to show that he is also somewhat credulous, even gullible. This is a trait that we've seen before, however. In Act One, for example, as soon as Macbeth found out that he'd been named Thane of Cawdor, as the Weird Sisters promised, he believed in their prophecies whole-heartedly and never seemed to doubt their motives. Despite their obvious otherworldliness, Macbeth believes them without reservation, unlike his friend (and foil), Banquo, who says,

[...] oftentimes, to win us to our harm,
The instruments of darkness tell us truths,
Win us with honest trifles, to betray 's
In deepest consequence. (1.3.135-138)

Banquo's cautiousness and cynicism regarding the witches' intentions highlights Macbeth's own credulous readiness to believe. He is likewise trusting, to a fault, of the sisters in Act Four. They tell him,

Macbeth shall never vanquished be until
Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill
Shall come against him. (4.1.105-107)

Macbeth hears this and believes it to be an assurance of his safety rather than questioning it as an enigmatically-worded statement of destiny. He seems to trust that the sisters are not attempting to manipulate him, though he has little reason to do so.

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What are Macbeth's tragic flaws in Act 4?

Act IV of Macbeth opens with the witches conjuring both a literal and a figurative "hell-broth broil."  (1) No longer capable of rational judgments or being able to discriminate good from evil in his paranoia and (2) "vaulting ambition," Macbeth believes what the witches tell him if it serves his purposes, since for Macbeth, now "fair is foul and foul is fair."  So, he takes the advice of the second witch who tells him to be "bloody, bold, and resolute!" by sending his murderers to kill Macduff's family and him in order to ensure that the bloodline of Duncan be arrested. Furthering his paranoia, the show of eight kings and Banquo with a glass in his hand cause Macbeth's blurring of the lines between reality and sinister forces. He believes that he must eradicate the entire family of Macduff. At this point, the paranoic Macbeth begins to lose control as the pointless death of Lady Macduff and her son underscore his loss of any control as well as his descent into evil.

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What are Macbeth's tragic flaws in Act 5 of Macbeth?

In Act 5 of Macbeth, Macbeth's remaining time as king has grown short, and he realizes that both his time as king and his life are coming to an end.  However, even though Macbeth has this realization, he fails to make amends for his villainy and instead chooses to fight until the last moment.

First, Lady Macbeth has confessed her role in the murders, and she commits suicide because she feels guilty.  But Macbeth says that there is no time to grieve over her death and feels that the approaching English army is more important than the death of his own wife.

Next, most of the Thanes who have been in Macbeth's charge have fled to join Malcolm and the English army.  Macbeth knows that good kings have friends and loyal servants in their old age, but he realizes that now he is all alone.  Again, Macbeth resolves to fight alone rather than make amends.

When Macbeth sees that Birnam wood is indeed "moving" toward Dunsinane, he does not respect the witches' warning and instead focuses on his own blinded interpretation of the third apparition which told him to fear one who is not of woman born.  Macbeth's misinterpretation causes him to be arrogant when deciding to continue in this fight. 

Finally, even after Macduff reveals that he was ripped from his mother's womb, Macbeth says that he will not fall on Malcolm's feet and he resolves to fight until the bitter end.  This combination of ambition, greed, arrogance, and foolhardy willpower is the tragic flaw that leads Macbeth to his end.

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In Shakespeare's Macbeth, what is Macbeth's tragic flaw in act 5, scene 4?

In general, in Shakespeare's Macbeth, Macbeth's tragic flaw is his vaulting (or overpowering) ambition for power.

Aristotle defined a tragic hero as a great (accomplished) man, who has to die, and dies because of his own fault—because of a tragic flaw. A "tragic flaw" is defined as:

...the character defect that causes the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy

It is also known as "hamartia," which is defined as:

...missing the mark, failure, fault, or error

When he plans to kill Duncan, his King, friend, relative and houseguest, Macbeth admits to the one thing that drives him forward:

I have no spur

To prick the sides of my intent, but only

Vaulting ambition... (I.vii.25-27)

Macbeth's desire for power is the only reason he kills Duncan; it is this flaw that causes him to turn his back on the decent man he is at the beginning of the plan (a valiant warrior, loyal subject and friend) to a murderous tyrant who kills not only Duncan, but his best friend and his enemy's wife and children, among others.

Hecate, the queen of the witches, also notes another problem that haunts Macbeth: he believes he cannot be defeated because of the witches' first set of predictions seemingly came true, proving (in his mind) their credibility. Because he feels so safe, Hecate knows that Macbeth will behave foolishly, much to her delight:

He shall spurn fate, scorn death, and bear

His hopes ’bove wisdom, grace, and fear.

And you all know security

Is mortals’ chiefest enemy. (III.v.30-34)

The other flaw in Macbeth's character, found in Act Five, scene four, is based on these two elements. Macbeth is certain that he is protected because he believes he can only be defeated under impossible circumstances. He is so ambitious, that he will not heed news from his lookouts that the woods are moving.

Duncan's son, Malcolm, has given his men orders to camouflage themselves with branches to cover their numbers so Macbeth does not know how many men are in Malcolm's army.

Let every soldier hew him down a bough,

And bear't before him: thereby shall we shadow

The numbers of our host, and make discovery

Err in report of us. (V.iv.6-9)

Because Macbeth is so certain that he is safe, he doesn't consider that if one of the witches' predictions was based on a half-truth, all of their predictions were suspect. And so, he goes into battle, still believing that Macduff cannot hurt him. Macbeth fails to consider that the witches, inherently evil, might actually be working toward his destruction. It is this "false sense of security," and his vaulting ambition that bring about his demise.

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What are Macbeth's character flaws?

Macbeth's most obvious character flaw is his ambition. This drives him to commit the murder in the first place. He admits as much in his soliloquy at the end in Act I, Scene 7:

I have no spur
To prick the sides of my intent, but only
Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself
And falls on the other—

Macbeth's ambition is largely responsible for his destruction, as well as the demise of most of the people around him. Another character flaw of Macbeth's is his willingness to be swayed by his wife and the witches. In the soliloquy quoted above, Macbeth has essentially decided not to go through with the murder of Duncan, but his wife's goading spurs him toward the task. By the end of the play, he has placed so much stock in the witches' prophecies that he genuinely believes no man "of woman born" can destroy him. He does not pause until the bitter end to consider that the witches are essentially toying with him. 

Over the course of the play, we see Macbeth's unnatural rise to power has corrupted him. He is a bloody tyrant, and has Banquo and Macduff's family murdered to solidify his position as monarch. Macbeth's violence is emphasized early in the play — he "unseam'd" the rebel Macdonwald "from the nave to the chaps" in battle. This act, evidence of his valor and loyalty to Duncan early in the play, grimly foreshadows Macbeth's violence later in the play. 

In summary, three of Macbeth's many character flaws are his ambition, credulity, and capacity for violence.

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How is tragedy developed in Macbeth through the characters' tragic flaws?

I.  Viewed as a literary work of its age, Shakespeare's Macbeth is primarily developed as a play in which the relations between natural and supernatural, good and evil, and between masculine and feminine are all interconnected, affecting each other. Moreover, in Macbeth these relations are further complicated by Shakespeare as they become ambiguous for the sake of tragic entanglement. Certainly, "Nothing is what is not" and "Fair is foul and foul is fair" are motifs of this play, and they take on tragic meaning within the framework of the Elizabethan Chain of Being in which each element of the universe has a proper place.

For Macbeth, the lines between the supernatural and the natural become blurred as he feels compelled by his "vaulting ambition" (see his soliloquy in 1.7) to accelerate the predictions of the "weird sisters" by killing King Duncan after Duncan has designated his son Malcolm as the future king. As his partner, Lady Macbeth spurs Macbeth in this act of regicide and, in so doing, blurs the lines between masculine and feminine. After his act of murder, Macbeth is plagued with guilt and shaky, so Lady Macbeth assumes the dominant role:

                          ...Infirm of purpose!
Give me the dagger. The sleeping and the dead
Are but as pictures....

My hands are of your color, but I shame
To wear a heart so white. (2.2.52-65)

These last two lines also exemplify the blurring of good and evil as Lady Macbeth feels shame that Macbeth is seemingly a coward while she is not concerned with his being a murderer. The murderous pair, who become doppelgängers, continue in their path of evil and night seems to dominate day as outside Macbeth's castle in Scene 4 of Act II, Ross tells an old man 

By th' clock ’tis day,
And yet dark night strangles the travelling lamp.
Is ’t night’s predominance or the day’s shame
That darkness does the face of Earth entomb
When living light should kiss it? (2.4.6-10)
Again in Act III Macbeth attempts to thwart the supernatural and the rule of kings by plotting to kill Banquo and his son Fleance to counteract the witches' other prediction, but only Banquo is killed as Fleance escapes. As Macbeth bloodies his soul more deeply, the more violent he becomes, the more disturbed his mind is. In Scene 4, he imagines that he sees Banquo at a banquet. Horrified, he tells the ghost, "Never shake/Thy gory locks at me." Again, Lady Macbeth must assume the dominant role and make excuses for her husband's strange behavior as he cannot believe that his wife does not also see the ghost.
Further, in Act IV, the lines between the supernatural and natural become more entangled as the witches predict further that "none of woman born/Shall harm Macbeth" and they also predict that "Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill [where Macbeth's castle is] /Shall come against him." After hearing these predictions, Macbeth reasons,
That will never be.
Who can impress the forest, bid the tree
Unfix his earth-bound root? Sweet bodements, good! 
Rebellious dead, rise never, till the Wood
Of Birnam rise, and our high-placed Macbeth
Shall live the lease of nature...(4.1.98-103)
Nevertheless, he is disturbed and his paranoia increases. Likewise, Lady Macbeth begins to suffer from guilt until she goes mad as she imagines the stairs of the castle stained with blood. Similarly, Macbeth follows suit in his tragedy of the imagination as his vision of blood, ghosts, and the phantasmagoric with the moving Birnam forest lead to his death despite his attempt to defy fate as he rushes at Malcolm who slays him. In both Lady Macbeth's and Macbeth's ambiguous state of "vaulting ambition" (their tragic flaw), there is a constantly shifting succession of things seen and imagined, a thwarting of the natural order of things, a disruption of the Chain of Being, confusion of natural and unnatural, and a perversion and ambiguity of time and space and order that leads them to lose their lives in their tragic imaginations.
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II.  As doppelgängers, both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are tragic characters. Lady Macbeth can be considered as such by the following criteria:
1. Noble stature
Lady Macbeth is of the nobility; she is a loving and loyal wife.
2. Hubris
While neither she nor Macbeth have hubris as defined by Aristotle, she does possess a tragic flaw: inordinate ambition. (Often Shakespeare portrays tragic flaws.)
3. The tragic hero's downfall is his own fault
Lady Macbeth, perhaps more than her husband at first, desires that Macbeth be king, and she is more willing than he to effect the murder of King Duncan so that Macbeth will become king soon. She ridicules her husband and his manhood until he acts.
4. Misfortune is not wholly deserved
Lady Macbeth deserves punishment, but her insanity and death are somewhat excessive.
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Do you have any examples of some of Macbeth's character flaws?

Macbeth has many character flaws, but the one that is his downfall is his moral decline. As they say, power begets power, and Macbeth is an example of this. He convinces himself that he is the rightful heir to the throne, even though he has to kill the King to be so. At the start of the play, Macbeth is a hero, but he is easily swayed, shamed by his wife, he continues his downfall. His morals become less important to him, and power more important. Macbeth becomes evil because once he slips down that slope he slides all the way down and cannot claw his way back up to moral again.

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What does "tragic flaw" mean and how is it reflected in Macbeth's character?

I think you must have been misled by a typographical error in whatever you were reading. The subject must have been "tragic flaw." This refers to an Aristotlean concept that the ideal character in a tragedy is a essentially noble individual who comes to a tragic end because of a single flaw in his character. In Shakespeare's Macbeth the hero's tragic flaw is generally taken to be blind ambition. Shakespeare probably knew a great deal more about writing plays than Aristotle, since he was a playwright, an actor, a director, a producer, and a part-owner of a theater. Shakespeare evidently followed classic rules when it suited him and disregarded them when he pleased, as can be seen in the liberties he took with the traditional "unities" of time, place and action. Macbeth had more than one flaw in his character. He was henpecked, gullible, treacherous, and an incompetent ruler.

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