Discussion Topic

Contrasting King Edward of England and King Macbeth of Scotland in Macbeth

Summary:

King Edward of England and King Macbeth of Scotland are contrasted in Macbeth through their respective leadership styles and moral compasses. Edward is depicted as a benevolent and healing ruler, embodying the qualities of a just king, while Macbeth is portrayed as tyrannical and corrupt, having usurped the throne through murder and deceit.

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How does King Edward in act 4, scene 3 contrast with Macbeth?

If Macbeth is in thrall to the dark powers of the supernatural, then it would appear that King Edward has God's favor. As well as being a good man—which Macbeth most certainly isn't—Edward even appears to have the power to heal the sick, an indication to his credulous subjects that...

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he is truly God's anointed.

The contrast with Macbeth really couldn't be greater. Whereas Macbeth murdered his way to the throne after his head was turned by witches' prophecies, Edward has become king of England by divine right. In other words, whereas Macbeth became Scottish king due to the forces of darkness, Edward acceded to the throne of England because God willed it.

As Edward has the divine right to be king, he also has the divine right—indeed, the divine duty—to attack and destroy the forces of darkness wherever they manifest themselves. Edward doesn't have too far to look to see the most dangerous manifestation of evil.

North of the border lives the wicked regicide and murderer Macbeth, whose unholy alliance with the forces of darkness renders him a real and present threat to Edward's godly kingdom. With God on his side, or so he believes, at any rate, Edward can feel confident in invading Scotland with an armed force to remove Macbeth from the throne.

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How does King Edward in act 4, scene 3 contrast with Macbeth?

King Edward of England contrasts with Macbeth most significantly in his ability to heal the sick, something that, for Christians, only God can do. Malcolm tells Macduff that Edward's ability is "miraculous," that he is visited by extremely sick people who are "All swoll'n and ulcerous" and whom medicine has not helped (4.3.169, 173). Edward prays for them and hangs a "golden stamp about their necks," and they are, miraculously, healed of their terrible malady (4.3.175). Further, in addition to this apparently divine gift of healing, Edward "hath a heavenly gift of prophecy" as well, and these kingly gifts have benefited the kingdom of England greatly under Edward's rule (4.3.179).

It seems, then, that King Edward is truly anointed by God, as he is able to perform miracles, such as healing the sick, and predict the future. Macbeth, of course, has no such abilities. In fact, Scotland has languished and suffered under his rule. Edward has healed where Macbeth has destroyed.

One major reason why this is important in the play is that it gives King Edward and his army license, the seemingly divine right, to invade Scotland and kill Macbeth, who is now king. At the time Shakespeare wrote the play, true kings were believed to be chosen and blessed by God, and so it was a tricky thing to consider killing a monarch. In contrasting Edward with Macbeth, Shakespeare makes it clear that, in the play at least, God was not with Macbeth, because if God were, then Macbeth would have these divine powers that Edward enjoys.

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How does King Edward in act 4, scene 3 contrast with Macbeth?

King Edward appears to be the polar opposite of Macbeth. According to three witnesses, Macduff, Malcolm, and Ross, Macbeth has been a disaster for Scotland. The Scottish people are bleeding, wounded, and dying because of Macbeth's evil. The country is sick. Macduff describes it as follows:

Each new morn
New widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows
Strike heaven on the face.
Malcolm says:
I think our country sinks beneath the yoke.
It weeps, it bleeds, and each new day a gash
Is added to her wounds.
Ross brings the report that in Scotland:
...good men’s lives
Expire before the flowers in their caps,
Dying or ere they sicken.
In contrast, King Edward is so virtuous a king that he cures his people's illnesses with his touch. In contrast to Macbeth, who relies on the deceptive and false prophecies of witches, Edward has the true gift of prophecy.    Shakespeare is at pains to show that a virtuous king, one who is chaste, honest, unselfish and pure, will gain gifts from heaven that will make his people well. On the other hand, kings like Macbeth, who base their power on evil deeds, spread the sickness of their evil to their people. King Edward is said to cure the evil that causes illnesses; Macbeth spreads the evil that leads to illness and death.   Shakespeare, in this play, examines the role of the good king. Only a morally virtuous king can bring healing and benefits to his people. The moral character of a king is all important to the overall health of a nation. Macbeth harms far more than himself: he harms an entire country. 
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How does King Edward in act 4, scene 3 contrast with Macbeth?

In Act Four, Scene 3, Malcolm asks the Doctor if King Edward is coming out. The Doctor responds by telling Malcolm that a crowd of people have gathered and are waiting for King Edward to heal them. The Doctor proceeds to explain to Malcolm that King Edward has been given a special power from heaven to heal people by simply touching them. Malcolm then mentions to Macduff that he had witnessed King Edward's special gift and recalled a time when King Edward healed several people who had strange illnesses. Also, King Edward has the gift of prophecy and will bequeath his ability to heal others to his royal descendants. All of King Edward's unique gifts are signs that he is in God's favor. King Edward is described as a benevolent ruler who is loved by God and his subjects. 

In contrast, Macbeth has a murderous touch, and his subjects fear him. Also, Macbeth does not possess unique gifts, nor is he in God's favor. Macbeth's descendants will not inherit his throne, and he is essentially cursed by his own ambition. 

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Briefly contrast King Edward of England and King Macbeth of Scotland in Macbeth.

Macduff, after hearing about Macbeth's ruthless murder of his wife and children, calls him "this fiend of Scotland". In an earlier conversation, Malcolm had referred to Macbeth in the harshest of terms, saying that:

"This tyrant, whose sole name blisters our tongues, was once thought honest:"

When he refers to Scotland under Macbeth's rule, he says:

"... our country sinks beneath the yoke;It weeps, it bleeds; and each new day a gashIs added to her wounds:"

This obviously suggests that Macbeth's rule is oppressive and that Scotland's people are burdened by his irrational, merciless control. Scotland is in pain under Macbeth's authority and each day of his reign brings even more hurt and sorrow. Malcolm also calls Macbeth 'black' suggesting that he is enveloped by evil.

Macduff feels that Macbeth is so evil that:

"Not in the legionsOf horrid hell can come a devil more damn'dIn evils to top Macbeth."

Malcolm further declares about Macbeth:

"I grant him bloody,Luxurious, avaricious, false, deceitful,Sudden, malicious, smacking of every sinThat has a name:"  

It is clear that Macbeth is deemed the epitome of evil, there remains not one redeeming quality. He is utterly possessed by evil and his atrocities know no bounds.

In contrast, Malcolm says the following about King Edward:

"A most miraculous work in this good king;
Which often, since my here-remain in England,
I have seen him do. How he solicits heaven,
Himself best knows: but strangely-visited people,
All swoln and ulcerous, pitiful to the eye,
The mere despair of surgery, he cures,
Hanging a golden stamp about their necks,
Put on with holy prayers: and 'tis spoken,
To the succeeding royalty he leavesThe healing benediction. With this strange virtue,
He hath a heavenly gift of prophecy,
And sundry blessings hang about his throne,That speak him full of grace."

Edward, therefore, in opposition to Macbeth, is nurturing and caring, a king blessed with the power to heal. He is religious and seeks help from the heavens (God), unlike Macbeth, who solicits assistance from the witches, who are servants of evil. Edward provides healing blessings, where Macbeth only brings damnation, death and destruction. Edward is able to predict the future, a heavenly gift, whereas Macbeth seeks prophecy from the witches and indulges them in their evil.

Furthermore, Edward has an inherent goodness about him and he is richly blessed, he is humble and thankful. Macbeth, on the other hand, is avaricious, ungrateful and arrogant. Finally, Edward's subjects approach him for assistance and love him for his kindness, whilst Macbeth's subjects fear him and desperately wish to escape his evil tyranny.  

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Briefly contrast King Edward of England and King Macbeth of Scotland in Macbeth.

In Act 4 Scene 3 of Macbeth, Malcolm praises King Edward of England by telling Macduff about the King's healing powers.  He says that the King cures his people who are sick and suffering and that he also has the gift of prophecy.  This praise of the King is foreshadowed in the previous scene by the list of virtues that are becoming of all good kings. 

King Edward is a sharp contrast to King Macbeth who has been labeled in this scene as a tyrant and murderer.  Just after Malcolm praises the King of England, Rosse arrives and informs Macduff about the murder of his entire family and court.  Whereas Edward performs miracles to save his people, Macbeth uses every opportunity to execute his.  Thus a sharp contrast separates the two kings.

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