Act 3, Scene 6

In the palace at Forres, Lennox speaks with another lord, reflecting on the recent upheavals in Scotland. Lennox expresses skepticism about the official narrative of Duncan’s murder, questioning the guilt of Malcolm and Donalbain. He also sarcastically points out the absurdity of blaming Fleance for Banquo’s death simply because he fled the scene. The discussion reveals Lennox’s growing distrust of Macbeth’s rule, as he increasingly doubts the king’s honesty and integrity.

The lord updates Lennox on Macduff’s whereabouts. Malcolm, Duncan’s rightful heir, has found refuge in the English court, where he has gained the support of the English king. Macduff has traveled to England to join Malcolm, openly defying Macbeth’s authority in the hope of raising an army to reclaim Scotland from Macbeth’s tyranny. Both Lennox and the lord express their hope that Macduff’s mission will succeed, as they are weary of the violence and despotism Macbeth has brought upon their country.

Analysis

This scene serves to illustrate the mounting opposition to Macbeth’s rule and the growing sense of unease among the Scottish nobility. Lennox’s conversation with the lord underscores a shift in Macbeth’s reputation among his peers, as the once-respected general is now regarded as a despotic ruler. Lennox’s sarcastic tone reflects his doubt in Macbeth’s account of events, highlighting the disconnect between Macbeth’s public narrative and the reality understood by those around him.

The references to Malcolm and Macduff’s alliance in England foreshadow the impending conflict that will arise as forces gather to challenge Macbeth. Macduff’s decision to leave Scotland and seek help from England represents an open rebellion, signaling that Macbeth’s actions have led to the fracture of national unity. By reaching out to England, Macduff and Malcolm are positioning themselves as champions of Scotland’s true legacy, contrasting sharply with Macbeth’s tyrannical rule.

This scene also reflects a broader theme in the play: the relationship between legitimate power and tyranny. As Macbeth descends further into paranoia and violence, his rule increasingly alienates those around him, making him a ruler in name only. Lennox and the lord’s private conversation suggests that the nobility is no longer willing to support Macbeth, symbolizing the erosion of loyalty that comes from unjust rule. Their support for Macduff signals a desire for restoration of rightful leadership, as they hope that Scotland can be freed from Macbeth’s oppressive control.

In addition, the scene highlights Shakespeare’s use of irony. Lennox’s sarcastic questions imply that everyone knows the truth of Macbeth’s guilt, even if they cannot speak it openly. Macbeth’s attempts to secure his power through murder have instead fueled resistance, as those he has alienated begin to plot against him. This irony underscores the futility of Macbeth’s actions: his efforts to consolidate power are ultimately leading to his downfall. By the end of the scene, the stage is set for rebellion, with Malcolm and Macduff prepared to challenge Macbeth’s tyranny and restore Scotland’s rightful order.