The Lord of the Rings

by J. R. R. Tolkien

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Ideas for Reports and Papers

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1. Across the trilogy, Tolkien skillfully employs foreshadowing and flashbacks to weave together the various events of his narrative. Identify at least eight scenes or events from all three volumes and demonstrate how Tolkien effectively uses these techniques.

2. Songs and verses are integral to the trilogy, serving both artistic and structural purposes. Using examples from all three volumes, pinpoint various types of songs and verses, and discuss their significance to the overall story, as well as their role in developing settings and characters.

3. While Frodo, Aragorn, and Gandalf are the primary "heroes" of the trilogy, Samwise Gamgee often appears more "real." Examine the evolution of Sam's character. How does Tolkien craft Sam into such an endearing figure? How does Sam's character transform throughout the quest?

4. Tolkien expressed a preference for "history, true or feigned" as a theme in his writing. One such "historical" element in the trilogy is the set of appendices at the end of The Return of the King. How does "The Numenorean Kings" in the first appendix shed light on events and situations within the trilogy?

5. Choose one location in Middle-earth (e.g., Mordor, Lorien, the Shire) and explain some of the laws or principles that govern it. Compare these with our world. What abilities do animate and inanimate beings possess there, and what customs or situations are considered normal?

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