The Levellers

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Arblaster, Anthony. "Revolution, the Levellers, and C. B. Macpherson." In 1642: Literature and Power in the Seventeenth Century, edited by Francis Barker, Jay Bernstein, John Coombes, et al., pp. 220-37. Proceedings of the Essex Conference on the Sociology of Literature, July 1980, University of Essex, 1981.

Criticizes C. B. Macpherson's 1962 assessment of the Levellers as a "less radical and less democratic" organization than was previously believed.

Aylmer, G. E., ed. The Levellers in the English Revolution. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1975, 180 p.

Provides an overview of the Levellers' role in the political turmoil of the English Revolution. The source also reprints selected tracts and petitions written by Leveller leaders.

Carlin, Norah. "Leveller Organization in London." The Historical Journa, Vol. 27, No. 4, 1984, pp. 955-60.

Explores the view held by some commentators and historians that the Levellers were not a well organized, distinctive, and cohesive group, suggesting that there is little evidence to support this claim.

——. "The Levellers and the Conquest of Ireland in 1649." The Historical Journal, Vol. 30, No. 2, 1987, pp. 269-88.

Analyzes the nature and effectiveness of Leveller opposition to Oliver Cromwell's invasion of Ireland.

Frank, Joseph. The Levellers: A History of the Writings of Three Seventeenth-Century Social Democrats: John Lilburne, Richard Overton, William Walwyn. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1955, 345 p.

Traces the growth, development, and decline of the Leveller party and its ideology. The source includes detailed chapters on Leveller leaders and their lives and works prior to the emergence of the party in the mid-1640s.

Gibbons, B. J. "Richard Overton and the Secularism of the Interregnum Radicals." The Seventeenth Century, Vol. X, No. 1, Spring 1995, pp. 63-75.

Stresses the importance of religion in Overton's thought, countering those twentieth-century commentators who argue that the Levellers, and Overton especially, were primarily interested in secular politics.

Gooch, G. P. "The Political Opinions of the Army." In English Democratic Ideas in the Seventeenth Century. Second edition, pp. 118-40. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

Examines the nature and degree of support the Levellers received from the New Model Army.

Gregg, Pauline. Free-Born John: A Biography of John Lilburne. London: George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd., 1961, 424 p.

Critical biography of Lilburne, emphasizing the events that molded him into a radical political leader. Gregg details Lilburne's involvement with the Leveller party.

Haller, William and Godfrey Davies, eds. The Leveller Tracts, 1647-1653. New York: Columbia University Press, 1944, 481 p.

Includes a detailed introduction to the political atmosphere and events of the 1640s and a review of the roles of key figures during this period of political revolution in England. Pamphlets and petitions by such Leveller leaders as John Lilburne, Richard Overton, and William Walwyn are reprinted in their entirety.

Hill, Christopher. Intellectual Origins of the English Revolution Revisited. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997, 422 p.

Explores various intellectual influences that came to bear on the English Revolution, including the fields of medicine, science, philosophy, and religion.

Hughes, Ann. "Gender and Politics in Leveller Literature." In Political Culture and Cultural Politics in Early Modern England: Essays Presented to David Underdown, edited by Susan D. Amussen and Mark A. Kishlansky, pp. 162-88. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995.

Studies the role of women in the Leveller movement, examining their place in Leveller political ideology as well as their duties as messengers, fund raisers, and petitioners.

McMichael, Jack R. and Barbara Taft, eds. The Writings of William Walwyn. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989, 584p.

Offers a critical introduction to the life and philosophy of Walwyn and reprints his religious and political petitions and pamphlets from 1641 through 1652.

Pease, Theodore Calvin. The Leveller Movement: Study in the History and Political Theory of the English Great Civil War. Washington, D.C.: American Historical Association, 1916, 406 p.

A dissertation written in 1915 detailing the genesis and rise to prominence of the Leveller party.

Smith, Nigel. "Soapboilers Speak Shakespeare Rudely: Masquerade and Leveller Pamphleteering." Critical Survey Vol. 5, No. 3, 1993, pp. 235-43.

Reviews the literary impact of Leveller tracts, noting that the style as well as the content of such pamphlets seemed to have been "a very new thing in English society."

Wootton, David. "From Rebellion to Revolution: The Crisis of the Winter of 1642/3 and the Origins of Civil War Radicalism." The English Historical Review Vol. CV, No. 416, July, 1990, pp. 654-69.

Examines the role of the Levellers and other radical groups in the breakdown of England's political system in 1642-43

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Religion, Political Philosophy, And Pamphleteering