Le Morte d'Arthur Summary
In Le Morte d'Arthur, Sir Thomas Malory draws on Arthurian legend to embellish the tale of King Arthur's death.
- Arthur, himself an illegitimate son of King Uther Pendragon, has an affair with his half-sister, Morgause. This incestuous affair results in a son, Mordred.
- The Lady of the Lake strengthens Arthur's claim to the throne by giving him Excalibur. He becomes king and forms the Knights of the Round Table.
- Arthur's son, Mordred, rebels against him. During a fight, Arthur runs Mordred through with a spear but receives a blow to the head. His body is sent to Avalon.
Summary
In the legendary world of King Arthur, Merlin, the wise enchanter, plays a pivotal role. He advises King Uther Pendragon to create the fellowship known as the Round Table, a gathering of the 140 most valiant knights of the realm. After Uther's time, Merlin’s sage counsel is destined for Arthur, Uther’s son, who will carry forward this grand tradition and make it eternal.
Arthur's Mysterious Beginnings
The saga of Arthur begins with a tale of enchantment and forbidden love. Arthur is born from an affair between Igraine, the Duchess of Tintagel, and Uther Pendragon, facilitated by Merlin's sorcery. Disguised as Igraine’s husband, who unbeknownst to her had perished, Uther deceives her, resulting in Arthur's conception. Raised by a knight of Uther’s court, the infant Arthur remains unaware of his royal lineage.
Symbol of Kingship
As Arthur grows, his destiny is revealed when the mystical Lady of the Lake, Nimue, presents him with the legendary sword Excalibur, adorned with precious gems. Unbeknownst to him, his lineage ties him to Morgause, the queen of Orkney, leading to a brief but fateful romance. Morgause, as Igraine’s daughter, is Arthur's half-sister, and their union produces Mordred, Arthur's nephew and illegitimate son. Among Arthur’s loyal supporters is Sir Gawain, son of King Lot and Morgause, making him Arthur’s kin.
The Queen and the Knight
Arthur selects Guinevere as his bride, while the indomitable French knight Lancelot joins the Round Table. Initially, Lancelot’s devotion to Queen Guinevere adheres to the chivalric tradition of courtly love, wherein a knight honors a lady irrespective of her marital ties. However, their bond deepens beyond platonic admiration, setting the stage for the kingdom's eventual downfall.
Plots and Betrayal
Within the majestic walls of Camelot, the illicit love between Lancelot and Guinevere flourishes. Mordred, alongside the envious Sir Agravain, conspires to expose them. As Arthur departs on a hunt, they seize the chance to validate their suspicions. Lancelot is trapped in Guinevere’s chamber by the conspirators and a dozen knights demanding his surrender. In the ensuing skirmish, Lancelot kills Agravain and the knights, while Mordred, wounded, narrowly escapes. Lancelot pleads with Guinevere to flee with him, but tormented by guilt, she chooses to remain.
Tragic Consequences
Guinevere’s infidelity leads to a grim sentence—execution by fire. Arthur commands Gawain and his brothers, Gaheris and Gareth, to escort her to the stake. Gawain refuses, but his brothers comply, albeit unarmed. Lancelot intervenes heroically, saving Guinevere and inadvertently killing Gaheris and Gareth. In the aftermath, Lancelot shelters Guinevere at his castle, Joyous Garde. Once allies, Gawain now seeks vengeance against Lancelot. Following a papal truce, Lancelot returns Guinevere, and he and his kin depart for France.
War and Treachery
Spurred by Gawain, Arthur invades France, reigniting hostilities. Seizing the opportunity, Mordred declares himself king in Arthur’s absence and aims to wed Guinevere, who escapes his clutches. When Arthur learns of this betrayal, he returns to England, where Gawain meets his demise on the battlefield. Dying, Gawain regrets urging Arthur to war against Lancelot. In a dream, Arthur is advised to negotiate a truce with Mordred, which Mordred agrees to, with the caveat that any drawn sword will signal battle. Tragically, a knight inadvertently raises his sword to kill a snake, igniting a brutal conflict. The ensuing battle claims countless lives, ending with Arthur and Mordred's deadly duel. Arthur mortally wounds Mordred but is himself fatally injured, leaving only Sir Bedivere at his side.
Arthur's Final Journey
In his last moments, Arthur instructs Bedivere to return Excalibur to the lake. Twice tempted by the sword’s opulence, Bedivere disobeys, but on the third attempt, he complies. A mysterious hand emerges, seizing Excalibur and vanishing beneath the waters. Bedivere places Arthur on a barge with three mourning queens, including his sister Morgan la Fée, to carry him to Avilion, a mystical isle. Arthur vows to return if England ever needs him. Later, Bedivere encounters a hermit who reveals that a group of ladies brought a corpse to his chapel at midnight for burial.
An Uncertain End
The fate of King Arthur remains shrouded in mystery, his tomb inscribed with the promise of his return as "the once and future king." With their romance ended, Guinevere dedicates herself to a nun's life, while Lancelot takes holy orders, both seeking redemption for their past transgressions.
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