What were the political events in Afghanistan during the time of The Kite Runner?

The story spans three decades and follows the turbulent history of Afghanistan from the 1970s to 2002. In the early 1970s, Amir grew up under King Zahir Shah's monarchy and enjoyed a peaceful childhood. In the summer of 1973, Mohammad Daoud Khan seized power in a nearly bloodless coup while the king was on vacation. Amir recalls this turbulent time and remembers the atmosphere of fear throughout Kabul. Mohammad Daoud Khan ruled the nation for six years until he was overthrown by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, which had close ties with the USSR. In the winter of 1979, the Soviets occupied Afghanistan, which is around the time Baba and Amir fled to the United States. Baba feared that he would be arrested or killed by the Soviets for his pro-western ideals and wanted to give Amir a second chance at life in America.

The Soviets would occupy Afghanistan for a decade while internal Muslim forces put up a resistance. Shortly after the Soviets withdrew, Afghanistan was converted to an Islamic State, and there were significant internal conflicts between rival militias until the Taliban took control of Kabul in 1996. Under the Taliban's control, Hazaras were slaughtered, fundamentalist laws were enacted, and individual rights were severely restricted. After the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, America invaded Afghanistan and overthrew the Taliban. Amir returns to Kabul after spending twenty years in America to save Sohrab from experiencing a life of abuse and trauma.