Masculinity
Hemingway, famous for his portrayals of tough men following a strict code of honor, mocks his own concept of masculinity by depicting the hitmen, Al and Max, as ridiculous figures. These characters embody the typical gangster stereotype, wearing derby hats and snug overcoats, and even keeping their gloves on while they eat. They speak in a rough manner, revealing their plan to kill Ole, using slang, answering questions with more questions, and ridiculing the masculinity of George, Sam, and Nick. For example, Max comments about George: "Bright boy can do anything… He can cook and everything. You’d make some girl a nice wife, bright boy." Al refers to Sam and Nick, who are bound and gagged in the kitchen, as "a couple of girlfriends in the convent." Al and Max contrast with Nick Adams, an innocent character who thinks he can change the situation by warning Ole about the hitmen. This story represents Nick’s entry into the adult world, filled with violence, disorder, and survival tactics.
Crime
Societies create laws to protect citizens, maintain order, and promote justice. In Hemingway’s story, the blatant disregard for these laws reflects both societal decline and a feeling of helplessness. Characters Al and Max exhibit no fear of capture, stating they have no personal motive for killing Andreson and are simply "obliging a friend." Sam’s decision to remain uninvolved underscores the resignation that permeates the narrative.
George reacts by passing the responsibility of dealing with the crime to Nick, advising him to visit Ole. Nick’s reaction is one of disillusionment and shock, prompting him to leave town rather than face its unpredictable dangers. These reactions echo the varied ways Chicagoans responded to crime in the 1920s. The widespread resignation stems not only from Hemingway’s grim perspective on human nature but also from the reality that many Chicago crime bosses had bribed the police, turning law and order into a privilege for a select few rather than a universal right.
Chaos
Hemingway’s storytelling is filled with irony and characters who frequently misunderstand each other, highlighting that reality often diverges from its appearance. For example, Max and Al come to town with the intention of killing Ole Andreson, knowing he eats at Henry’s at six o’clock, yet they still inquire about the town's name from George. When George tells them, Max admits he’s never heard of it before. Despite being called a "lunchroom," Henry’s is actually a converted saloon. Another similar confusion occurs when Nick incorrectly refers to Mrs. Bell as "Mrs. Hirsch," assuming she owns the rooming house. The irony is further emphasized when the men arrive in a town called "Summit" to commit murder on a "nice fall day." These stark contrasts between reality and expectations profoundly affect Nick, whose world had previously matched his expectations of order and predictability.
Focus on Bystanders
In "The Killers," the unmistakable style of Ernest Hemingway subtly reveals the true focus of the narrative. At first glance, readers might assume that the assassins and Ole Andreson, their intended victim, are the story's main protagonists. However, Hemingway intentionally leaves the details of Ole's past actions and his ultimate fate shrouded in mystery. Instead of following Ole's plight, the narrative concludes with three bystanders returning to the restaurant, reflecting on the events that just unfolded.
The story's objectivity is maintained throughout, characterized by its dialogue-heavy structure, which avoids overt interpretation or authorial judgment. Yet, the emphasis on the three bystanders, particularly on Nick Adams, becomes evident. Their conversations and reactions provide insight into human nature and the impact of witnessing violence. Hemingway's focus on...
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the bystanders rather than the perpetrators or the victim underscores the complex dynamics of passive observation in moments of crisis. By doing so, he transforms "The Killers" into a study of spectatorship and moral contemplation, drawing readers' attention to the seemingly peripheral, yet profoundly significant, roles of those who witness rather than act.
Nick Adams' Experience
In the chilling atmosphere of a small-town diner, Nick Adams finds himself at the center of a gripping narrative woven by Ernest Hemingway. Of the three central figures, Nick stands out as the only character whose last name the reader learns, highlighting his significance in the tale. It is Nick who takes the courageous step to warn Ole of impending danger, thus positioning him as the focal point through which the story unravels.
Hemingway's sparse but intentional commentary provides insight into Nick's character. After Nick is released by George, Hemingway notes that Nick has "never had a towel in his mouth before," a detail that underscores his unfamiliarity with such brutal encounters. His attempt to "swagger it off" reveals a blend of bravado and innocence, marking an important moment of realization for Nick.
The narrative concludes with a simple yet revealing dialogue that exposes the varied reactions of those involved. Unlike his companions, who are locals seemingly desensitized to violence, Nick’s response is one of profound discomfort and disillusionment. The other two characters choose to detach, perhaps as a survival mechanism, but Nick cannot ignore the moral implications of what he has witnessed. His encounter with the harsh realities of the world beyond his previous experience serves as a significant rite of passage, an initiation into the often unforgiving nature of urban life.
This episode forms a crucial part of the broader tapestry of Nick Adams' experiences, frequently explored in Hemingway’s works. Many of these stories are compiled in In Our Time, published in the mid-1920s, which examines themes of innocence, experience, and the harsh truths that accompany adulthood. Through Nick’s eyes, readers are invited to ponder the impact of violence and the choices that follow in its wake, a testament to Hemingway's enduring exploration of the human condition.
Realization of Evil
Set against the backdrop of the Prohibition era near Chicago, a time when lawlessness thrived, Nick experiences a profound awakening to the pervasive nature of evil. The gangsters, characterized almost comically as clichéd mobsters, wear overcoats and derby hats, completing their ensemble with gloves they never remove, not even when eating. Their casual demeanor is underscored by their brazen discussion of a plan to kill Andreson, conducted right in front of George, the diner owner, as if it were the most mundane topic of conversation.
The gangsters' complete disregard for the law is palpable. They linger at the diner for over two hours, nonchalantly instructing George to inform curious customers that the cook is unavailable. Their lack of concern about being caught is evident when, upon leaving, Al makes only a half-hearted attempt to hide his sawed-off shotgun. This blatant defiance of authority and the casual acceptance of violence serve as Nick's harsh introduction to the grim realities faced by those residing in and around major urban centers.