A. J. Cronin's novel, "The Keys of the Kingdom," offers a sweeping view of religious life through the experiences of Father Francis Chisolm, a Scottish parish priest who dedicates much of his existence to missionary work in China. Despite his unwavering faith, Francis grapples with self-doubt and internal conflicts, particularly concerning religious tolerance. This introspective journey forms the core of the novel, highlighting not just a life of devotion but also the struggles and triumphs of a man navigating a complex world.

The Return to Scotland

The narrative begins as Francis, now an elderly and weary man in his sixties, returns to Scotland after spending over three decades in China. Back in his homeland, he assumes responsibility for Andrew, the grandson of his childhood love, Nora Bannon, as the boy has no other family willing to care for him. Facing retirement, Francis finds himself at odds with his superiors in the Catholic Church, particularly Monsignor Sleeth, who is determined to see him step down despite Francis’ long years of dedicated service.

Reflections of a Lifetime

As the novel unfolds, the story takes a reflective turn, delving into Francis' past through a series of flashbacks. It traces his origins as the child of devout parents who succumb to the trials of their faith, leaving Francis to endure a Dickensian childhood marked by hardship and neglect at the hands of uncaring relatives. Fortunately, his life takes a positive turn when Aunt Polly, his lifelong benefactor, comes to his aid.

A Vocation Filled with Uncertainty

Despite his calling to the Church, Francis is beset with doubts about his suitability for the priesthood, causing his superiors to question his resolve. Yet, Bishop Hamish McNabb, the seminary head, sees a kindred soul in Francis and encourages him to pursue his path as a priest. It is McNabb who ultimately sends him to China to serve as a missionary, setting the stage for Francis' transformative journey.

Challenges in China

Upon arriving in China, Francis is confronted with a mission site that exists only in ruins and a community of "rice Christians," individuals who profess faith solely for material benefits. Undeterred, he resolves to rebuild the mission from the ground up, relying solely on his own resourcefulness and determination. A turning point comes when he saves the life of Mr. Chia's son, the wealthiest man in Pai-tan, gradually earning the respect and trust of the local Chinese people.

Building Community Through Service

Cronin depicts Francis not only as a man of prayer but also as a healer, practicing rudimentary medicine to serve the community and win over converts. His compassionate actions speak volumes, ultimately proving more persuasive than sermons alone. This humanitarian approach ensures that his mission, though small, is deeply impactful in the lives of those he touches.

Assistance and Acceptance

Francis' successes lead the Church to send three nuns to aid him in his mission, with Mother Maria-Veronica, a German aristocrat, at their helm. Initially dismissive of Francis for his unpolished demeanor, she eventually comes to respect his humble and Christlike ways. Her change of heart is further cemented by her interactions with Father Anselm Mealey, Francis' childhood friend, who contrasts sharply as a more worldly priest.

Adversity and Perseverance

Under Francis' steadfast leadership, the mission withstands numerous calamities, including floods, famines, plagues, bandit raids, and war. Despite these formidable challenges, his efforts are deemed a failure by his superiors, who focus myopically on conversion numbers without grasping the depth of Francis’ sacrifices. This lack of understanding underscores a disconnect between his lived experiences and their expectations.

Resolution and Redemption

The novel circles back to the present, focusing again on Monsignor Sleeth's impending decision regarding Francis' future. Through a revelatory dream, the Monsignor realizes his own shortcomings and recognizes the saintliness in Francis, understanding that he has misjudged him. In a surprising reversal, he decides against retiring Francis, allowing him to continue in his cherished role as a parish priest, the life he truly loves.