Marxism is a philosophical ideology and socioeconomic and political theory developed in the nineteenth century by German philosophers, historians, sociologists, and journalists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marx and Engels point out that there are two main social classes: the proletariat, or the working class, and the bourgeoisie, or the wealthy businessmen who are practically in control of both the production of goods and services and the market and thus in control of the proletariat.
They theorize that the workers could easily overthrow the bourgeoisie and abolish all forms of authority if they join forces, which will result with dictatorship of the proletariat; this in turn will pave the way for the development of a society without social classes that will prioritize the collective benefit above the individual benefit. In this newly established classless society, both the socioeconomic and political power will be in the hands of the workers and...
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the wealth and income will be equally distributed.
This is, essentially, the main goal of Marxism, which is why many social and political theorists claim that it heavily influenced the creation of communism as a separate socialistic doctrine. In this context, Marxism is a radical theoretical and practical critique of capitalism which aims to show that class capitalism is basically synonymous with social oppression and that it can never work in favor of the people.
The ultimate aim of Marxism is the creation of a stateless, classless society. More specifically, reaching this goal involves abolishing those systems which permit the rich to dominate and exploit the poor. This includes the abolition of private property, the dismantling of the capitalist system, and the creation of a truly global worker's movement.
These aims are spelled out in the Communist Manifesto. Specifically, in the first section of the Manifesto, Marx discusses the class struggle inherent in capitalism and methods by which the owners of the means of production, the bourgeoisie, exploit the working class for their labor to create profit. For Marx, the "abolition of private property" includes particularly the public ownership of the means of production.
In section 2 of the Manifesto, Marx distinguishes between communists and proletarians and argues that the only difference is that communists "represent the interests of he movement as a whole," "independent of all nationality." Like the proletariat, the communists seek "the overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy" and the "conquest of political power." An important goal of Marxism is the education of the proletariat, specifically through the provision of free education.
While much of the Manifesto is written specifically to speak to the issues confronting Europe in 1848, Marx repeatedly and boldly states his true aims. "Communists disdain to conceal their views and aims," which "can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions."
Introduction
Marxism is a school of thought grounded in the belief that western societies are dominated by class struggles.
What is the Main Aim of Marxism?
The main objective of Marxism is to discredit capitalism. Marxists don't believe in a capitalistic system being fair and just.
According to Marxism, those in power (also known as the upper class) control the resources and oppress the poor (lower class) so as to remain in power. Karl Marx, the "father" of Marxism, gave the example of wages. Those in power will pay their workers just enough for them to return to work.
Conclusion
Marxism is an economic school of thought whose main aim is to discredit capitalism and individualism and to promote socialism and an even distribution of resources in a community.
References
This is a great question. A lot of people discuss Marxism and its various elements. However, rarely do people talk about the goals of Marxism. In summary, the goal of Marxism is threefold.
First, Marxism desires to abolish classes in whatever form they exist. Marx and his followers have seen the injustices perpetuated through a class system. The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. So, by not allowing inheritances to continue, Marxism sought to deal a heavy blow to the class system.
Second, the direct corollary to the first point is the importance of economic parity among people. In other words, one group of people will not be ahead of another. Equality will be the central feature of society, which leads to our next point.
Third, the working class will no longer be exploited. Part of the way this would be accomplished is by having the means of production owned by the state. The same would be true of land. All land would be public land for cultivation. The central government would also control communication, transportation, and credit.
Finally, I should add that another main tenet of Marxism is to give free education to all.