1. What aspects of the plot have led critics to argue that The Jungle is overly melodramatic and thus cannot be considered quality literature?

2. "Muckraking" refers to investigative journalism aimed at driving social reform, often at the expense of impartiality. Why have some critics labeled The Jungle as a muckraking novel?

3. Does Sinclair view Jurgis as moral or immoral? According to Sinclair, is it sinful to resort to theft or prostitution?

4. Most "naturalistic" fiction concludes on a pessimistic note, suggesting that people have minimal control over their circumstances. Is there any indication that Jurgis's situation might improve?

5. Do any of the characters in The Jungle appear to be distinctive individuals, or are they merely flat figures whose experiences are used to illustrate Sinclair's political points?