Loyalty is a central theme in Julius Caesar, exploring the tension between personal allegiance and political duty. Characters navigate complex relationships, balancing their loyalty to individuals against their loyalty to Rome. This theme is evident in the actions and motivations of key figures like Brutus, Antony, Marullus, and Flavius.

Marullus and Flavius express their loyalty to Pompey by removing decorations from Caesar's statues. They are appalled by the citizens' fickle loyalty, which shifts from Pompey to Caesar after Pompey's defeat. Their actions symbolize resistance to Caesar's rising power and reflect their fear of retribution under his regime. This scene highlights the precariousness of loyalty in a politically volatile environment.

Brutus embodies the conflict between personal loyalty and political allegiance. He loves Caesar but joins the conspiracy to protect Rome. In his speech, Brutus declares, "Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more." This statement underscores his internal struggle and the painful choice he makes, prioritizing his loyalty to Rome over his friendship with Caesar. Brutus's decision reflects the broader theme of loyalty to one's country versus loyalty to an individual.

Antony's speech further explores loyalty, as he persuades the crowd that Caesar's assassination was a betrayal of a beloved leader. He reminds them, "You all did love him once, not without cause," urging them to remember their reasons for loving Caesar. Antony's loyalty to Caesar drives him to seek vengeance, illustrating the powerful influence of personal allegiance.

The conflict between Brutus and Cassius also highlights divided loyalties. Brutus is torn between his affection for Caesar and his commitment to the Republic. His internal conflict and eventual decision to join the conspirators make him a tragic figure, as his loyalty to Rome leads to personal and political tragedy. This conflict emphasizes the complexity of loyalty, where personal and public duties often clash.