Mother-daughter relationships in The Joy Luck Club are central to the narrative, exploring the complexities of cultural and generational divides. The novel portrays the struggles and misunderstandings between Chinese immigrant mothers and their American-born daughters. Through their interactions, the story reveals how these relationships are shaped by personal histories, cultural expectations, and the search for identity. The daughters learn resilience and heritage from their mothers, while the mothers gain insight into their daughters' American experiences.

Jing-mei and her mother Suyuan's relationship highlights the theme of misunderstanding and judgment. Jing-mei perceives her mother as overbearing, particularly when forced to take piano lessons. However, she fails to grasp the depth of her mother's sacrifices, including leaving two daughters behind in China. This revelation shocks Jing-mei and underscores the notion that one cannot fully understand another's experiences. As Jing-mei reflects, "I think about this. My mother’s long-cherished wish. Me, the younger sister who was supposed to be the essence of the others. I feed myself with the old grief, wondering how disappointed she must have been." This moment illustrates the hidden grief and motivations behind Suyuan's actions.

Waverly's relationship with her mother Lindo demonstrates the tension between personal success and familial expectations. Waverly becomes a chess prodigy, but her mother's pride turns the game into a source of pressure. Waverly's frustration culminates in a confrontation: "Why do you have to use me to show off? If you want show off, then why don’t you learn to play chess?" This incident strains their relationship, revealing how parental expectations can overshadow personal joy and achievement.

The novel also addresses the myth of the American Dream through the mothers' stories. Each mother arrives in America seeking a better life, only to encounter hardships. These experiences leave scars that affect their daughters' lives and relationships. Despite these challenges, the mothers and daughters gradually learn to appreciate each other's perspectives, bridging the cultural and generational gaps that divide them.