James Boswell (1740-1795), a multifaceted Scottish biographer, diarist, essayist, poet, and critic, is best known for his pioneering work in the biography genre. His most acclaimed book, The Life of Samuel Johnson (1791), has been recognized for its innovative approach to blending life narratives with anecdotes and dialogue, as explored by critics such as Paul K. Alkon. Boswell's intricate understanding of social dynamics and human nature, combined with his dedication to authenticity and public self-critique, are vividly displayed in his extensive journals and letters.

Beyond the biography of Johnson, Boswell's Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides expanded the reach of travel literature, offering readers a distinctive portrayal of Johnson, now deemed synonymous with Boswell's style. The posthumous discovery of his private journals fortified his reputation, exposing the complexities of his character through honest reflections, as Marlies K. Danziger notes, including his battles with personal loss and his quest for identity as a Scotsman.

Although Boswell encountered criticism for his unorthodox biographical techniques, he received acclaim for his literary devices, such as his use of metaphorical language, which William Paul Yarrow discusses. His works, particularly The Life of Samuel Johnson, remain seminal contributions to English literature. Boswell's diaries and biographies offer a unique window into the literary and social milieu of the eighteenth century, characterized by David Daiches as embodying the contradictions of Boswell's life and career.