illustration of a wolf standing in the forest looking toward a fallen tree that has pinned a man underneath

The Interlopers

by Saki

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Themes: Man Versus Nature

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Of the two characters, Ulrich von Gradwitz appears first in the story, and the author gives the reader somewhat more access to his thoughts. One might, therefore, call him the protagonist and Georg Znaeym the antagonist. To Znaeym, though, the matter appears the other way around, for Gradwitz is his antagonist. But the story slowly reveals that for both men the true antagonist is Nature. Even when Nature—a force which Saki personifies in his writings with an initial capital—drops a tree on the two men, they continue to think of their situation in interpersonal terms. Only when a pack of wolves arrives at the story’s end do the men take Nature seriously as a shared antagonist.

Ulrich and Georg are both obsessed with an insignificant piece of land—not because of the land itself but because of their quarrel. In the second paragraph of the story, Ulrich notices the agitation of the roebuck and immediately ascribes it not to the impending storm but to Georg’s presence. Later, when the two men decide to become friends, Georg makes a speech about how everything will be peaceful from now on, with no “interlopers” spoiling their perfect harmony. It is only during the last lines of the story that both men are compelled to turn away from one another and recognize the danger that has surrounded them on this stormy night in this wild forest that does not truly belong to either of them. They have assumed that the central conflict was one of man against man, and this has been resolved, but the conflict of man against Nature has not.

Expert Q&A

What message does Saki send about Mother Nature in "The Interlopers"?

Saki's "The Interlopers" suggests that Mother Nature is powerful and indifferent to human conflicts, able to override human decisions at will. As Ulrich and Georg confront each other in the forest, Nature intervenes with a lightning bolt that traps them under a tree. Despite resolving their feud and deciding to help each other, Nature's ultimate intervention is sending wolves, highlighting her dominance over human plans.

How is the nature motif developed in "The Interlopers"?

The motif of nature is developed throughout "The Interlopers" through the juxtaposition of the focus of the human characters on their feud and the real threat of an ominous, dangerous, and powerful nature. This is developed through the high winds in the forest, the tree pinning the men to the ground, and finally, the devouring wolves. While the men are concerned with each other as the chief danger, nature is the real foe.

Why does the story "The Interlopers" end with the arrival of wolves?

"The Interlopers" ends with the arrival of wolves to symbolize nature's dominance and the futility of human conflict over land ownership. The wolves serve as a reminder that neither Georg nor Ulrich truly owns the land, making them both interlopers. This unexpected twist emphasizes nature's power and provides a memorable conclusion, contrasting the anticipated reconciliation with imminent doom, thus highlighting the story's theme of human insignificance against nature.

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