Jean Cocteau’s contributions to French theater, particularly through his earlier plays Antigone (premiered in 1922, published in 1928) and Orphée (premiered in 1926, published in 1927; translated as Orpheus in 1933), occupy a seminal place in the evolution of classical themes in modern drama. These works laid the foundation for a resurgence of interest in classical narratives, inspiring a wave of dramatists such as Jean Giraudoux, Jean Anouilh, and Jean-Paul Sartre to explore similar motifs over the subsequent decades. However, it is Cocteau’s The Infernal Machine that stands out as a pivotal piece, redefining the potential of neoclassical drama by intertwining ancient myth with the immediacies of contemporary life.

This play, unlike his earlier works, uniquely encapsulates the dynamic tension between the supernatural and the mundane. By reflecting on the intersection of personal ambitions and political maneuverings, Cocteau crafts a narrative that is both accessible and profound, inviting audiences to engage with its themes on a surface level. He eschews the need for deep philosophical exploration, instead offering an ironic and sophisticated commentary that reflects his skepticism about the world. Through this approach, Cocteau underscores the potential of theater to captivate and provoke thought without delving into complex ideological debates, a tactic that allowed some neoclassical pieces during the Occupation period to subtly critique political realities under the watchful eyes of German censors.

Cocteau’s genius was not confined to the stage alone. His career spanned poetry, novels, ballet collaborations with notable composers, cinema, criticism, painting, and illustration. Each of these artistic ventures showcased his flair for showmanship and his ability to dazzle, yet they were all underpinned by a deeper commentary on the aesthetic and emotional power of the arts. This does not diminish the gravitas of his theatrical work; on the contrary, it enhances it. The profundity of The Infernal Machine lies not in what it says overtly but in its testament to the enduring allure and immediacy of live performance. It stands as a testament to Cocteau’s belief in theater as a living art form, capable of transcending mere spectacle to engage audiences on multiple levels.

Through The Infernal Machine, Cocteau cements his legacy as a master of neoclassical drama, demonstrating how ancient stories can be recast to mirror and critique the realities of modern society. This play is celebrated not only for its stylistic brilliance but also for its innovative approach to storytelling, ensuring its place as one of the foremost examples of twentieth-century French neo-Greek theater. Cocteau’s work continues to resonate, offering insights into the human condition while celebrating the transformative power of the arts.