The play Indians by Arthur Kopit, which debuted in London in 1968, explores the complex and dark history of the American Indian genocide through the lens of legendary figure Buffalo Bill. This ambitious, experimental piece blends absurdism with historical critique, challenging traditional dramatic structures. Despite facing criticism for its unconventional approach, Indians is celebrated for its powerful message and innovative presentation, marking a significant moment in Kopit's career and in theatrical exploration of historical themes.

Historical Context and Inspiration

The late 1960s in America were marked by significant social upheaval and a reexamination of the country’s values and history. This era, defined by the Civil Rights movement and widespread protests against the Vietnam War, set the stage for Arthur Kopit’s Indians. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 legally granted equal rights to minority groups, yet the struggle for racial equality persisted, highlighted by the ongoing activism of American Indians. Simultaneously, the Vietnam War elicited widespread dissent, with many Americans questioning the morality of their country’s foreign interventions.

Kopit was particularly moved by reports framing civilian casualties in Vietnam as "inevitable consequences of war." This notion resonated with historical accounts of American Indians, whose suffering was often dismissed in similar terms. Therefore, Indians serves as a critical reflection on these themes, drawing parallels between past injustices and contemporary moral questions. As Lewis Funke noted in the New York Times, this work invited audiences to confront uncomfortable truths about America’s past and its ongoing impact.

The Structure and Style of Indians

Arthur Kopit’s play defies conventional theatrical norms by embracing a style that might be best described as absurdist and experimental. Unlike traditional dramas that typically follow a linear plot and well-defined character arcs, Indians opts for a more fragmented narrative. This approach reflects the chaos and moral ambiguity of its subject matter—the genocide of American Indians and the mythologized figure of Buffalo Bill.

Buffalo Bill is portrayed both as a "sacrificial hero" and a "sly showman," embodying the contradictions inherent in American history. The play’s nontraditional structure is a purposeful choice by Kopit to challenge audiences to engage with the material in a new way, rather than passively consuming a straightforward narrative. By doing so, Kopit not only critiques historical events but also the way they have been romanticized or overlooked in American culture.

Reception and Legacy

Upon its release, Indians faced a mixed critical reception, largely due to its unconventional structure and presentation. Some critics found the play’s departure from traditional norms jarring, which led to discussions about its effectiveness in conveying its message. However, many lauded Kopit’s bravery in tackling such a weighty and controversial topic, appreciating his willingness to innovate and push boundaries. Despite any initial criticisms, the strength and urgency of the play’s message resonated with audiences and critics who recognized its relevance and impact.

This reception helped establish Arthur Kopit as a significant voice in American theater, transitioning from collegiate productions to professional stages. Indians not only highlighted the historical atrocities faced by American Indians but also mirrored contemporary struggles, making it a poignant piece that continues to be relevant in discussions about race, history, and national identity. By addressing these themes, Kopit contributed to a broader conversation about acknowledging and reconciling with America’s past.

Parallels with the Vietnam War

The timing of Indians coincided with the height of the Vietnam War, a period marked by intense debate and public protest. The parallel drawn between the historical treatment of American Indians and the events unfolding in Vietnam served to deepen the play’s impact. Just as the atrocities against American Indians were justified as unavoidable...