Revenge is another theme that calls for some interpretation. Throughout the poem, numerous warriors either prepare for or threaten to kill others as a way to avenge a death, insult, or wrong. Achilles is very clear about his wish for revenge against Agamemnon for his insults and against Hector for the death of Patroclus.

This theme of revenge also drives the hostility of Athena and Hera toward the Trojans, as they seek vengeance on Paris. Similarly, Poseidon's animosity towards the city and its inhabitants stems from feeling cheated out of his deserved payment for assisting in the construction of the city's walls.