Interestingly, the Trojans in the Iliad exhibit most of the patriotism. Hector often utilizes this as a motivational strategy, particularly when he criticizes the seer Polydamas for foreseeing the Trojans' eventual loss and suggesting they retreat. He says, “Fight for your country—that is the best, the only omen!” (XII.243, Fagles’s translation). This does not imply that Homer held the Trojans in higher regard than the Greeks. Instead, it reflects that during Homer's era, the Greeks were just beginning to cultivate a sense of national identity, possibly influenced by Homer's own writings. Thucydides noted centuries later that Homer described the first collective action by Greek-speaking peoples.