There's a lot of different angles you would like for the stories to be compared from, and I'm willing to do that, but you are on your own for quotes. Looking up that many would be tantamount to writing an essay : ) I like to help, but that's a bit much!
So lets instead take a look at the more generalized concepts you are asking about:
- Motives and Goals: Bilbo embarks on the journey for adventure and treasure, while Odysseus' adventure is one of him trying to get home. Bilbo wants to prove himself, and Odysseus wants to return to his "normal" life. Both are interested in survival, of course. One could say that Odysseus' journey begins after his quest for money and glory (as seen in the Iliad.) The quest is his return journey from that adventure, while Bilbo's tale shows the beginning of the primary quest.
- Enemies: Both are engaged in battling "mythical" creatures, and both are generally clever in dealing with their opponents. The difference between them is the Odysseus has the ability to resort to brute violence, while Bilbo must rely on stealth and cunning. Odysseus's enemies, in some cases, are more powerful than those at work against Bilbo because they are divine (such as Poseidon.)
- Personal Experiences: Bilbo generally has the more trans-formative experience, as his quest builds his confidence and teaches him a lot about himself. He also builds relationships with his companions. Odysseus doesn't seem to learn much from his trip. He was already super-confident, and in general the men he is with on the trip are disposable.
- Triumphs: Both men have many triumphs over their enemies. Again, Bilbo uses more cunning than Odysseus, who is able to use more force. That doesn't mean Odysseus is a brute, just that he can afford to be a bit more "in the open" than Bilbo. A great moment for Odysseus was defeating the cyclops, while for Bilbo it was taking on Smog.
- Hardships: I think Odysseus beats Bilbo on this one. Both must endure the elements on their journey and face dangers, but Odysseus' hardships are more physical in nature. He faces them on shipboard, on islands, in his own home, and in the sea. Each one seems to test his endurance. Bilbo's hardships seem to test his wits and intelligence more than his endurance.
- Goals: You already asked this question in #1 : )
- Companions: Both men have a number of companions, though Bilbo's are actually fleshed out into real people in the book. Odysseus' are more generic...he has a lot of nameless sailors who seem to be around in order to screw things up for him or get eaten. That's another difference...Bilbo's companions make it out safely (with the exception of one, if I remember right) while only Odysseus survives from his fleet of ships and men who left Ithica. Biblo's companions are more outwardly brave than he is, while Odysseus cannot be eclipsed by the men he sails with. He's too much like a superhero.
I hope this helps...I know you were looking for quotes, but when you ask for a rush-job, well, you have to compromise. Good luck!
I think that you might have to do some of the research aspect on your own, but I think a rough outline can be gained here. One natural similarity between both of them is that they both have to endure a challenging journey to "get back home." Bilbo has to leave the Shire in order to find the ring and struggles to a certain extent for his life to be the same afterwards. Odysseus seeks to return home after being stranded on the seas and fighting the Trojan war. There is much which presents itself that brings this into doubt, as well. Both have to deal with forces of divinity or supernatural power that are lined up against them. Odysseus' angering of Poseidon pretty much lines him up against the Olympian, while Sauron seeks to thwart anyone who possesses the ring, of which Bilbo is certainly a part. Both of their voyages and experiences ultimately change them into a furture that is unknown. We are left to wonder what Bilbo will be like once he has relinquished the ring, but one thing we know is that he will not entirely be able to to go back to life before it. Odysseus is much the same way, as we are uncertain of what his experiences will bring, but perhaps like Tennyson in his own conception of the mythic hero, we know that he will not go back to being the same person home once knew.
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