Student Question
What factors led to the Mughals unifying the Indian subcontinent, a feat last achieved by the Guptas?
Quick answer:
The Mughals unified the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military strength and political strategy. Their military success was largely due to superior use of artillery, which helped them conquer rival forces. Politically, they gained acceptance by practicing religious tolerance and incorporating Indians into government roles. This blend of military prowess and political inclusion enabled them to control much of the subcontinent, a feat last achieved by the Guptas.
There are two major factors that can explain this success. One is military and the other is more political.
Militarily, the Mughals had to be strong in order to conquer India. The Mughal armies were not always as big as those of their rivals, but they were superior. Much of this superiority was due to their effective use of artillery, particularly against their enemies' stone fortresses.
However, the Mughals did not only conquer. They also persuaded the people of India to accept their rule. The Mughals were religiously tolerant and also tended to give Indians places in the government, thus encouraging them to accept Mughal rule.
Thus, by a combination of military prowess and political aptitude, the Mughals were able to take control of much of the subcontinent.
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