Student Question

Compare conditions in East and West Germany during the Cold War.

Quick answer:

West Germany and East Germany experienced very different conditions. For the most part, West Germans enjoyed more political and social freedoms than their East German counterparts. The West German economy was also more robust, although it did face some periods of trouble.

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After the Allied victory in Europe in World War II, Germany was divided into an eastern bloc and a western bloc. East Germany came under the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union while West Germany was more closely aligned with Western Europe and the United States. Throughout the Cold War period, these two halves of Germany experienced very different conditions.

Overall, West Germany experienced much stronger economic growth during the 1950s and into the early 1960s. Much of this growth was facilitated by the United States under the Marshall Plan. Manufacturing, construction, and service-based sectors grew rapidly and West Germany became one of the strongest economies in the region. This led to a robust middle class. Furthermore, West Germans tended to see themselves as part of a larger global community. Popular culture from America and Western Europe had a strong influence on the country. Many West Germans also sought...

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out higher education.

Life in East Germany was much different. Unlike West Germany which saw its infrastructure rebuilt by the Allies, the Soviets dismantled nearly all that remained of the industrial infrastructure of East Germany. Tens of thousands of East Germans were imprisoned and sent to work camps. Furthermore, without access to the agricultural and industrial regions of West Germany, most East Germans faced shortages of food and manufactured goods. Without goods to purchase, there was little incentive for people to work. This led to devastating economic stagnation. These poor conditions led many East Germans to flee to the west which only accelerated the declining economic conditions. Attempts to collectivise agriculture failed and led to food shortages. In an effort to compensate for the floundering economy, worker quotas were implemented. In 1953, things reached a tipping point and a worker's strike broke out in East Berlin. This grew into a larger protest demanding political reforms. This protest was forcefully ended by Soviet intervention. Conditions slowly improved over the 1960s and by the decade's end, East Germany had the most robust economy in the Eastern Bloc. Despite this, shortages of most goods continued throughout the remainder of East Germany's existence.

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